【正文】 The Social Pragmatic Failures in Crosscultural Communication1 IntroductionRecently, there is a wave of globalization due to factors including mass access to internet, globalization of industry, and expansion of educational exchanges and so on. New technologies, growth of the world’s population, and shift in the global economic area have all contributed to the increase in crosscultural munication. Therefore, crosscultural munication has bee indispensable today. Language used by human beings is the most basic tool for munication, which plays a crucial role in the process of human historical development. We use words to persuade, to exchange ideas, to express views, to seek information, and to express feelings. We made cultural choices when we are using human language to municate with other people. Culture shapes our ideas and plays a crucial role on influencing our way of using language. At the same time, language can also be considered as a window to the culture. They are closely connected with each other and can never be separated. Therefore, we should not only learn linguistic skills well but also know much knowledge about foreign cultures if we want to conquer a foreign language and bee an effective municator. But the fact is that many people didn’t pay much attention to the cultural backgrounds and used words to municate with others in an inappropriate way and inappropriate occasion. In this way, the social pragmatic failures often occur during the crosscultural munication.Because of the fierce conflicts between the popularity of crosscultural munication and the frequently happening munication barriers, the factors affecting munication are drawing much more attention from the researchers. In the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the study of pragmatic failures in crosscultural munication. Crosscultural social pragmatic failures have been an important area of pragmatics and crosscultural munication studies. The social pragmatic failures are mainly caused by cultural differences and lack of awareness about this issue. Hence, we have to figure out some solutions to deal with it, such as strengthen cultural awareness, avoid negative stereotype and cultivate crosscultural munication petence. Only in this way can we achieve a satisfied result from the intercultural munication2 Theoretical BackgroundsIn order to have a prehensive understanding of social pragmatic failures during the intercultural munication, we’d better learn some background information about culture. The knowledge about definition of culture, crosscultural munication, and the social pragmatic failures and the relationship between language and culture are ought to be familiar to us.. Definition of CultureThe word “culture” is a large and evasive concept, very plex and difficult to define. There are hundreds of definitions for culture. Here I present only two concepts which I favor most. The one is “A culture is a collection of beliefs, habits, living patterns, and behaviors which are held more or less in mon by people who occupy particular geographic areas.” (, 40) The other is explained in a more detailed way: “culture is man’s medium。 there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture. This means personality, how people express themselves (including shows of emotion), the way they think, how they move, how problems are solved, how their cities are planned and laid out, how transportation systems function and are organized, as well as how economic and government systems are put together and function.”（Edward T. Hall, 40） Definition of Crosscultural CommunicationAs is known to all, the crosscultural munication has bee increasingly important for humans. The need for crosscultural munication is as old as humankind. We’ve discussed the definition of culture. Now, it is necessary to know something about the concepts of crosscultural munication, which is the fist step to have a deeper understanding of social pragmatic failures. The crosscultural munication (also frequently referred to as intercultural munication, which is also used in a different sense, though) is a field of study that looks at how people from different cultural backgrounds municate, in similar or different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to municate across cultures. Relationship Between Language and CultureLanguage and culture are closely connecte