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虛擬語氣練習題(已修改)

2025-08-17 15:37 本頁面
 

【正文】 虛擬語氣一、語氣(Mood)的定義和種類l、語氣:是動詞的一種形式,它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。語氣的種類:(1)陳述語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的,用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:We don’t have dinner in that restaurant. What an adorable baby it is!(2)祈使語氣: 表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如: Open the window, please. Take care of your suitcase.(3)虛擬語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。如:If I were you, I should study English well. May you succeed!例如:If I were a boy even just for a day, I’d roll out of bed in the morning and throw on what I wanted.——Beyince《If I were a boy》中文翻譯只是需要表達意思,然而英文中,動詞發(fā)生了變化,本來應該是am,現(xiàn)在為were,把時態(tài)往后面退了一步。I’d roll中,would roll,根據(jù)初中所學,if表示主將從現(xiàn),would roll是will roll的時態(tài)的退后??墒菫槭裁碼m的退后不是was而是were呢?因為這是英語的習慣。If he were (習慣)(is) telling the truth, he wouldn’t have told us.——Pirates of the CaribbeanWould have done 表示對過去的推測If all the youths of America were as fortunate in securing an education as we have been, then the future of the United States would be more bright than it is today.——DreamMakes Me Catch TheOpportunity[通過虛擬來突出重要性,例:如果沒有電..]閱讀中方便理解,寫作中可以用此句型表示強調(diào)??挤ǎ罕硎镜氖羌俚模绾??時態(tài)退一步:五大類:一般現(xiàn)在時退為一般過去時,一般過去時退為過去完成時,現(xiàn)在進行時退為過去進行時還有情態(tài)動詞,如:must be 退為must have done但我們還需記住一些標志詞,如【表示假的】If【最常見】as if/though【好像】wish、if only、would rather【寧愿、寧可】例句:She is good at English, as if she were a American.[表示虛擬]should類的【傻的】I drop caps.Insist desire/demand remend/require order mand advice p suggest二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法條件句有兩類,一類是真實條件句,一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的,就是真實條件句。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will climb the mountain. 如果明天不下雨,我們就去爬山。如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的,或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have told you about that. 如果他昨天見到你,他會告訴你那件事的。在含有虛擬條件句的復合句中,主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。列表如下:從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If + 主語+助動詞的過去式(were, did, had)主語+ should/would/could/might+動詞原形If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If +主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might +have+過去分詞If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.與將來事實相
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