【正文】 動詞不定式 To do that sort of thing is foolish。 I want to see you this evening. All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 賓補 不定式或不定式短語可起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語和賓語補足語。 一，不定式在句中的作用： 主語：不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。 eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot or time. Not to get there in time is your fault. 注： 常用 it做形式主語，將 to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型 1： It + 謂語 + to do eg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus. 句型 2： It’s + n. + to do eg: It’s our duty to help the poor. 句型 3： It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 注： for/of sb to do sth 為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 1) of引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)只能做主語。 eg: It’s very kind of you to help me. 2) for引起的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語等。 eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表語 ) We’d better find some work for the children to do. (定語 ) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (狀語 ) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (賓語 ) It’s mon for leaves to fall form the trees in autumn. (主語 ) 做表語：主語 +系動詞 +不定式 1). 其主語多為抽象名詞 (wish, need) eg: My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean. 2). 不定式 to let, to blame, to seek做表語 ,主動表被動 . eg: The house is to let. 3). be to do可構(gòu)成將來時態(tài) ,表 “準(zhǔn)備 /打算 /計劃 /需要” 。 be是助動詞，無詞義 ,其主語為具體名詞 (人 /事物 )。 to be可用 be going to或 will/shall代替 ,此時不定式是謂語的一部分 ,而不是表語 . eg: She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain. 3. 做定語 : 不定式做定語總是放在它所修飾的名詞之后 ,不定式表示的行為通常是未來的行為 ,它們常和被修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系 ,主謂關(guān)系和修飾性關(guān)系 . 1). 動賓關(guān)系 : I have a lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write on. 2). 主謂關(guān)系 : She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat. 3). 修飾性關(guān)系 (同位 ),它所修飾的詞多為抽象名詞 . need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement. eg: There is no need for him to e. He has no time to read the book. 4. 做狀語 : 1). 目的狀語 : 可放于句首 ,也可放于句末 , 前面可加 in order/so as/so…as to 表強調(diào) . eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time. 2). 結(jié)果狀語 :主要用在 enough to/too…to…/only to 結(jié)構(gòu)中。 eg: The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work. 3). 原因狀語 : 主語 +系動詞 +adj.+ to do a). 表 感情的 : happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮 ), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong. eg: I’m very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home. b). 說明句中主語在哪個方面存在形容詞所表示的情況時 ,即與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系， 主動表被動 . interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful. eg: The question is easy to answer. He is difficult to teach. 5. 做賓語 : 不定式做賓語的情況，一般表示將來的行為 ,這時謂語和不定式的動作都是主語發(fā)出的 . 1). 下列動詞只能按不定式做賓語 . . plan, choose, manage, learn, pretend, agree, decide, refuse. promise, prepare, offer, fail, hope, wish, expect, ask。demand, want, hesitate 2). 不定式做動詞 tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的賓語時 ,不定式前常加連接代詞 who, which, what和連接副詞how, when, where構(gòu)成不定式短語做賓語 . eg: I don39。t know how to get there. 注 : why不能與不定式連用 . 3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式 ,動名詞意思一樣 . 4). like, love, hate, prefer動名詞表經(jīng)常性的動作，不定式表一次性動作 . 5). remember, fet, regret后動名詞表已經(jīng)做過的動作 ,不定式表沒有做過或?qū)⒁龅膭幼?. 6). stop, try, go on, mean, be afraid, propose 后兩者都可 , 但意義不同 . propose to do計劃 ,打算做 propose doing 建議做 7). a). prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather than do b). be used to doing used to do c). it’s no use doing it’s useless to do d). be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be done 6. 做賓補 (與賓語之間的關(guān)系實際上是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 ) 1). 有些動詞 (短語 )必須接 to的不定式做賓補 talk, ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite, persuade, get, require, prefer, call, leave, expect, use(al