【正文】 非謂語動(dòng)詞一覽表非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謩?dòng)詞不定式to doto be done主語賓語表語定語補(bǔ)語狀語插入語to be doing/to have doneto have been doneto have been doing/動(dòng)名詞doingbeing done主語賓語表語定語having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeing done表語定語補(bǔ)語狀語插入語having donehaving been done過去分詞done動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：一. 語法功能: 動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語(主語補(bǔ)足語)、狀語以及插入語（獨(dú)立成分)，唯獨(dú)不可作謂語。 （主語）To scold her would not be just. （賓語）We are planning to build a Disney park here. （賓補(bǔ)）They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. （表語）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation. 仔細(xì)分析當(dāng)前的形勢是我們最迫切的任務(wù)。（定語）Do you have anything else to add? 還有什么要補(bǔ)充的嗎（目的狀語）Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones. 懲前毖后。（結(jié)果狀語）He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject. 他大講了一通，只暴露他對(duì)這門學(xué)科的無知。（程度狀語）I don’t know her to speak to. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她還不到能與她談話的程度。(原因狀語) We shall be happy to cooperate with you in the work. (獨(dú)立成分) To put it another way, do you like him? To be honest, I don’t know anything about it.I. 作主語：1. To say is easier than to do. = Saying is easier than doing.2. To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.3. How to go there hasn’t been decided yet. 4. Who to blame for the traffic accident is still a puzzle.5. Whether to go or stay is not known.6. It is important to study English well and go to college.7. It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.8. It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.9. To master a foreign language is very important。=It is very important to master a foreign language.【總結(jié)歸納】不定式作主語，用It代替主語，而把不定式后置，常見句型：1． It is + adj. (important, possible, impossible, necessary, hard, difficult, easy, strange, natural,…) + (for sb.) to do sth.It is + adj. ( honest, brave, foolish, clever, careful, kind, wise, careless, good, nice, silly, stupid, impolite…) +(of sb.) to do sth.eg: It is quite necessary for us to learn English well. It was very brave of you to jump into the river to save the girl.In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. It is kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me .It was foolish of you to believe him. = Ii is foolish of you to have believed himright, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. eg. It’s right/wrong for / of him to do the work alone.2． It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + to do sth.eg. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of Middle School.3．It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, days, patience…) + to do sth.eg: It requires patience to learn English well.4 . It made sb. + adj. (excited, frightened , angry ) + to do sth. eg: It made me delighted to have been invited to give you a speech here. II. 作表語：當(dāng)句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。例如：1. Our most important task now is to make a plan.2. What I would suggest is to start work at once.3. At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.4. The problems remain to be unsettled. 5. His father’s task is to raise pigs and goats.6. My question is when to start the work.7. The problem is whether to buy a bigger puter.8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.9. ① All that we have to do is（to）practice speaking English every day.② What we have to do is（to）practice speaking English every day.III. 作賓語 1. Do you agree to lend him 200 yuan to buy a birthday’s gift? 2. They managed to pass the driving test.3. We determine to study English harder than before. 4. I don’t know what to do next.5. He refused to accept the present.6. He tried to avoid answering my questions.7. The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.【總結(jié)歸納】1）只可以接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞很多，常見的有：hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, afford, expect, ___________________________________________________________etc.2) Eg. We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait.3) 用it作形式賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語后置，find, think, consider, believe, feel, make + it + adj. / n. + to do sth.eg: I find it very interesting to talk with you. Do you think it a pity to miss a wonderful film? Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.IV. 賓語補(bǔ)足語 在SVOC句型中，許多動(dòng)詞都可以跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。eg: You should get them to help you Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here. Parents want their children to develop fully. Please ask John not to turn off the aircondition. He encouraged me to talk to him in English. They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.He often made his workers work 10 hours a day, but recently he has been made to reduce the worhing hour. 【總結(jié)歸納】1) 通常作賓語補(bǔ)語的不定式要帶to，常用于以下動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組之后： want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, cause, force, invite, warn, forbid, get, vote for, call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for 等。但在謂語動(dòng)詞believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面常跟to be…作賓補(bǔ)，也可省略 to be.eg. They believe him (to be ) honest. I find her (to be ) humorous. You can’t imagine them (to be ) careful and interesting.2) 以下兩類動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不能帶to ( 但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要加 to )①一些表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞， 即let, have, make；②一些表示“感覺”的動(dòng)詞，五看兩聽一感覺(listen to, watch, observe, notice, look at , see, hear, listento, feel.)Eg: Don’t let the children trouble you. I heard someone open the door.Someone was heard to open the door. His father made him go to bed early. He was made to go to bed by his father.3) help 后to 帶不帶都可以。Eg: He often helps (to) do some housework at home. He helped an old man ( to ) walk across the street.V.