【正文】 NDE Personnel Training Program無損檢測人員培訓(xùn)大綱0REV.NO. 修訂號Prepared By編 制Date日 期Reviewed By審 核Date日 期Approved By批 準(zhǔn)Date日 期Training Program for NDE Personnel無損檢測人員NDE培訓(xùn)大綱Radiographic Testing Method (RT)射線照相檢測方法（RT）(RTTraining Course OutlineTc1) (RT NDE培訓(xùn)大綱 TC1)For Level Ⅰ RTRT Ⅰ級人員A、 Radiographic Equipment Operating and Emergency Instructions Course射線設(shè)備操作和防護(hù)措施1 Personnel Monitoring人員受照劑量監(jiān)控 Wearing of Monitoring Badges佩帶劑量計 Reading of Pocket Dosimeters袖珍劑量計測讀 Recording of Daily Dosimeter Readings日常劑量計測讀記錄 “Offscale” DosimeterAction Required“標(biāo)度”劑量儀實際要求 Permissible Exposure Limits受照容許限值2 Survey Instruments 監(jiān)測儀器 Type of Radiation Instruments輻射計測儀類型 Reading and Interpreting Meter Indications儀器指示值讀評 Calibration Frequency 校驗頻率 Calibration ExpirationAction 期后校準(zhǔn)作用 Battery CheckImportance 電池校準(zhǔn) 重要性3 Leak Testing of Sealed Radioactive Sources 密封放射源的泄漏試驗 Requirements for Leak Testing 泄漏檢查要求 Purpose of Leak Testing 泄漏檢查目的 Performance of Leak Testing泄漏檢查操作4 Radiation Survey Reports 輻射監(jiān)測報告 Requirements for Completion 完成監(jiān)測工作的要求 Description of Report Format 報告格式說明5 Radiographic Work Practices 射線照相操作 Establishment of Restricted Areas 禁區(qū)的設(shè)定 Posting and Surveillance of restricted Areas 禁區(qū)的標(biāo)志和監(jiān)測 Use of Time, Distance, and Shielding to Reduce Personnel Radiation Exposure 用時間、距離及屏蔽法減少人員照射量 Applicable Regulatory Requirements for Surveys, Posting, and Control of Radiation and High Radiation Areas. 輻射和強(qiáng)輻射區(qū)的監(jiān)測標(biāo)志和控制的管理制度6 Exposure Devices 輻射設(shè)備 Daily Inspection and Maintenance 輻射設(shè)備的日常檢查和維護(hù) The radiation and exposure limitation of the GammaRay exposure device γ源曝光裝置的輻射曝光限制 Identification of the exposure device 曝光裝置的標(biāo)識 Use of Collimators to Reduce Personnel Exposure 用準(zhǔn)直器減少人員受輻照量7 Regulations 輻射防護(hù)法規(guī) License Reciprocity 放射工作許可證 Qualification Requirements for Radiography Personnel 射線照相人員的資格評定要求 Regulatory Requirements for XRay Machines (State amp。 Federal as Applicable) X射線機(jī)管理要求1 * 2 *Total Hours of Instruction this Course (A) 5hr 5hr大綱 A 培訓(xùn)學(xué)時 5 小時 5 小時B、Basic Radiographic Physics Course 射線照相物理基礎(chǔ)1 Introduction 引言 History and Discovery of Radioactive Materials 放射性材料的發(fā)現(xiàn)和簡史 Definition of Industrial Radiography工業(yè)射線照相的定義 Radiation Protection輻射保護(hù)為什么? Basic Math Review, Exponents, Square Root, Etc 基本數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí):指數(shù)、平方根等。2 Fundamental Properties of Matter. 物質(zhì)的基本性質(zhì) Elements and Atoms 元素和原子 Molecules and Compounds 分子和化合物 Atomic ParticlesProperties of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons 原子粒子質(zhì)子、電子和核子的性質(zhì) Atomic Structure 原子結(jié)構(gòu) Atomic Number and Weight原子序數(shù)和重量 Isotope VS. Radioisotope 同位素及放射性同位素的比較3 Radioactive Materials 放射性材料 Production放射性的產(chǎn)生 Neutron activation 中子活性 Nuclear fission 核裂變 Stable VS Unstable (Radioactive) Atoms 穩(wěn)態(tài)與非穩(wěn)態(tài)放射性的原子比較 Curiethe Unit of Activity 居里:放射性單位 Halflife of Radioactive Materials 放射性材料的半衰期 Plotting of Radioactive Decay 放射線衰變曲線 ActivityCuries/Gram 放射性比活度 ：Ci/g4 Types of Radiation 輻射類型 Particulate RadiationProperties: Alpha, Beta, Neutron 微粒輻射性能：α、β、中子 Electromagnetic RadiationXRay, GammaRay 電磁輻射：X射線、γ射線 XRay Production X射線產(chǎn)生 GammaRay Production γ射線產(chǎn)生 GammaRay Energy γ射線能量 Energy Characteristics of Common Radioisotope Sources 常用放射性同位素源的能量特征 Energy Characteristics of XRay Machines X射線機(jī)的能量特性5 Interaction of Radiation with matter 輻射與物質(zhì)的相互作用 Ionization 電離作用 Radiation Interaction with Matter 射線與物質(zhì)的相互作用 Photoelectric effect 光電效應(yīng) Compton scattering 康普頓散射 Pair production電子對產(chǎn)生 Unit of Radiation Exposurethe Roentgen 輻射曝光單位：倫琴 Emissivity of Commonly used Radiographic Sources 常用射線照相源的輻射能力 Emissivity of XRay Exposure Devices X射線曝光裝置的輻射能力 Attenuation and Shielding of Electromagnetic Radiation 電磁輻射衰減與屏蔽 Half Value Layers。 Tenth Value Layers 半值層；1/10值層 InverseSquare Law 平方反比律6 Biological Effects of Radiation 輻射生物效應(yīng) “Natural” Background Radiation “天然”背景輻射 The Unit of Radiation DoseRem 輻射劑量單位──雷姆 The Difference between Radiation and Contamination 輻射與污染間的差異 Allowable PersonnelExposure Limits and the Accumulated Dose 人體允許的輻射劑量與累積劑量 Theory of Allowable Dose 允許劑量的理論 Radiation DamageRepair Concept 輻射損傷：恢復(fù)原理 Symptoms of Radiation Injury 輻射損傷的癥狀 Acute Radiation Exposure and Somatic Injury 強(qiáng)烈的照射量和身體損傷 Personnel Monitoring for Tracking Exposure人體受輻射的監(jiān)查 Organ Radiosensitivity 器官的放射敏感度7 Radiation Detection 輻射檢測 The Pocket Dosimeter袖珍劑量儀 Difference Between Dose and Dose Rate 劑量和劑量率的差別 Survey Instruments 測量儀器 GeigerMuller tube蓋革米勒管 Ionization chambers 電離室 Scintillation chambers, counters閃爍室,計數(shù)器 Film Badge 膠片劑量計 TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeters)熱致發(fā)光劑量計（TLD） Calibration 校準(zhǔn)8 Exposure Devices and Radiation Sources曝光裝置和輻射源 Radioisotope Source 放射性同位素源 Sealedsource Design and Fabrication密封源的設(shè)計和制造 Gammaray sourcesγ射線源 Betaray and Bremsstrahlung sourcesβ射線和韌致輻射源 Netron sources中子源 Radioisotope Exposure Device Characteriatics放射性同位素曝光裝置特性 Electronic Radiation Sources500 keV and less Low Energy 能量≤ 500 keV的電子輻射源 Generatorhighvoltage Rectifiers高壓整流發(fā)生器 Xray tube design and fabricationX射線管的設(shè)計和制造 Xray control circuitsX射線控制電路 Accelerating potential加速電壓 Target Material and Fabrication靶的材料和結(jié)構(gòu) Heat dissipation device散熱裝置 Duty cycle負(fù)載周期 Beam Filtration射線束的過濾2* 3*Total Hours of Instruction this Course (B) 20hr 15hr大綱 B 培訓(xùn)學(xué)時 20小時 15小時C、Radiographic Technique Course射線照相技術(shù)1 Introduction 引言 The Process of Radiography射線照相過程 Type of Elect