【正文】 工程變更條件下的承包商創(chuàng)收管理研究工程變更條件下的承包商創(chuàng)收管理研究（申請碩士學位）工程變更條件下的承包商創(chuàng)收管理研究Thesis Submitted to Tianjin University of Technology for the Master’s Degree Research on Contractors’ Earned Ine Management on Condition of VariationsFeb. 2022工程變更條件下的承包商創(chuàng)收管理研究獨創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明所呈交的學位論文是本人在導師指導下進行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特別加以標注和致謝之處外，論文中不包含其他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果，也不包含為獲得 天津理工大學 或其他教育機構的學位或證書而使用過的材料。與我一同工作的同志對本研究所做的任何貢獻均已在論文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。學位論文作者簽名： 簽字日期： 年 月 日學位論文版權使用授權書本學位論文作者完全了解 天津理工大學 有關保留、使用學位論文的規(guī)定。特授權 天津理工大學 可以將學位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關數(shù)據(jù)庫進行檢索，并采用影印、縮印或掃描等復制手段保存、匯編，以供查閱和借閱。同意學校向國家有關部門或機構送交論文的復本和電子文件。（保密的學位論文在解密后適用本授權說明）學位論文作者簽名： 導師簽名：簽字日期： 年 月 日 簽字日期： 年 月 日摘要近年來，我國建筑行業(yè)處于蓬勃的發(fā)展趨勢，活躍的建筑市場也帶來了激烈的市場競爭。大量事實和數(shù)據(jù)證明，在激烈的市場競爭下國內(nèi)建筑企業(yè)也面臨長期利潤低下的困境。如何在確保獲取中標的基礎上進一步實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)收成為承包商關注的焦點問題。各種工程實踐證明，工程變更是工程建設過程中普遍存在且對承包商收入有重要影響的事項，為承包商創(chuàng)收提供重要機會?；谏鲜鲇^點，文章在對現(xiàn)有文獻資料、工程變更相關規(guī)定研究的基礎上，以合同簽訂為劃分時點，將招投標階段作為承包商應用工程變更實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)收的準備階段，將施工階段作為承包商應用工程變更實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)收的實現(xiàn)階段，依據(jù)《建設工程工程量清單計價規(guī)范》 （GB505002022） 、 《標準施工招標文件 》 （2022 版）中對工程變更的條款規(guī)定，確定文章的研究框架，應用實例分析法、文獻分析法、調查研究法等從承包商創(chuàng)收的視角出發(fā)對不同工程變更情形進行分析，確定創(chuàng)收機會點，并針對不同變更情形確定創(chuàng)收策略。文章的主要研究內(nèi)容如下：第一，針對招標文件錯誤引起的工程變更，應用問題樹分析法，分析施工圖紙與清單項目特征描述不符引起的工程變更、分部分項工程量清單漏項引起的清單項目增加、措施項目變化三種變更情形，并通過相關法規(guī)、文件分析以及工程案例實踐分析，確定承包商創(chuàng)收的重要機會點，針對不同的機會點利用不平衡報價、變更方案優(yōu)化等制定具體創(chuàng)收策略。第二，針對《標準施工招標文件》 （2022 版）對工程變更內(nèi)容和范圍的條款規(guī)定，將合同執(zhí)行階段出現(xiàn)的工程變更劃分為五種情形，即改變工程基線、標高、位置或尺寸，改變某項工作質量或其他特性，改變某項工作的施工時間、工藝、順序，取消合同中某項工作，完成需要追加的額外工作等，通過分析不同的工程變更情形，從承包商創(chuàng)收的視角出發(fā)劃分出具有不同創(chuàng)收路徑的工程變更，并進行機會點識別，形成不同創(chuàng)收路徑下的承包商創(chuàng)收策略。第三，通過對相關文件和工程實踐案例分析確定承包商合理化建議的內(nèi)涵和主要情形，在此基礎上通過分析承發(fā)包雙方的利益共同點確定合理化建議得以實現(xiàn)的基本要求，從而應用價值工程原理確定合理化建議的兩種主要路徑。針對合理化建議提出的不同路徑，識別創(chuàng)收重要機會點，利用不平衡報價和變更方案的優(yōu)選優(yōu)化，提出承包商創(chuàng)收的具體策略。關鍵詞： 承包商創(chuàng)收 工程變更 創(chuàng)收機會點 創(chuàng)收策略AbstractIn recent years, construction industry is booming and the development has brought fierce market petition in China. A lot of facts and figures proved that construction enterprises were faced low profits in long time. It has been an important issue that the contractor wins a bid and achieves further earned ine. A variety of engineering practices show that variations always provide an important opportunity for the contractors’ earned ine. Based on the above point of view, through analyzing the relevant literature and regulations, the article put forward two phases to realize contractor earned ine. Bidding stage is the preparation phase and construction stage is the implementation phase for contractors’ earned ine. In the basis of clauses of Code of Valuation with Bill Quantity of Construction Works and Construction Standard the Tender Documents, the framework of the article was determined. In the perspective of contractors’ earned ine, the article analyzed different variation situations, identified opportunities and determined earned ine strategies. The main contents of the article are as follows:First, for variations caused by the error of bidding documents, it analyzed the variation situations such as variation caused by construction drawing not matching list items description, list items increasing caused by omissions of list items, measurement items increasing caused by omissions of list items. Through analyzing relevant regulations and engineering practices, it determined the point of earned ine opportunities. The article developed specific earned ine strategies in basis of unbalanced bid and variation scheme optimization.Second, based on the clauses of Construction Standard the Tender Documents about variation, the article analyzed the five situations of variation in the phase of contract executed. The situations are as follows: changing the project baseline, elevation, location or size, changing the quality or other characteristics, changing the construction time, process, sequence of a particular work, canceling some works, and pleting the additional works. Through analyzing different situations of variation, the article identified the opportunities of contractors’ earned ine and developed strategies under the earned ine paths. Third, the connotation and main situations of rationalization proposal were determined by analyzing relevant documents and engineering practice cases. And then, through analyzing the mon ground of contractor and employer, the basic demand for realizing rationalization proposal was determined. In the case, two main paths to determine the reasonable rationalization proposals are put forwarded using value engineering. For rationalization proposals put forward by different paths, the article put forward specific earned ine strategies in the basis of unbalanced bid and variation scheme optimization.Key words: Contractors’ Earned Ine, Variation, Earned Ine Opportunity Point, Earned Ine Strategyi目 錄第一章 緒論...............................................................................................................................1 研究背景........................................................................................................................1 中國建筑企業(yè)工程利潤空間狹小.....................................................................1 工程變更為施工承包商增收提供重要機會.....................................................2 研究對象的界定 ...........................................................................................................3 承包商創(chuàng)收的內(nèi)涵.............................................................................................3 承包商創(chuàng)收的范圍界定.....................................................................................4 承包商工程變更創(chuàng)收范圍的界定.....................................................................5 問題的提出 ...................................................................................................................6 關于承包商創(chuàng)收途徑的研究.............................................................................6 關于承包商工程變更創(chuàng)收途徑的研究.............................................................7 研究的關鍵問題解構.....................................