【正文】 摘 要 ： 青?；旌?原油屬低硫中間基原油，為充分利用石油資源，根據(jù)該原油的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)和 同類裝置 的 生產(chǎn) 數(shù)據(jù) ， 并結(jié)合我國(guó)燃料市場(chǎng)的 需求 ，確定 該原油 加工方案為燃料 — 潤(rùn)滑油型。 常壓蒸餾部分采用 潤(rùn)滑油 生產(chǎn)方案，其中初餾部分采用閃蒸塔，常壓塔采用 37 層雙溢流 F1 型浮閥 塔 盤 ， 塔徑為 ，板間距為 700mm， 塔高 側(cè)線產(chǎn)品及塔底均采用過(guò)熱水蒸氣汽提；塔頂設(shè)置冷回流（取熱比例為 50％），塔側(cè)設(shè)兩個(gè)中段循環(huán)回流（取熱比例一中占 20％，二中占 30％）。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明此塔設(shè)計(jì)合理。加熱爐選用立式圓筒爐，煙氣離開對(duì)流室的排煙溫度為 188℃ ， 爐效率為 %。最后 應(yīng)用繪圖軟件 AutoCAD 繪制 了 全裝置的工藝原理流程圖。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 青?；旌?原油；常壓蒸餾；加熱爐； 工藝計(jì)算 The Design of Qinghai mixed Crude Abstract： Mixed crude oil of Qinghai mixed was intermediate crude oil with lower sulfur content . The processing scheme and cutting scheme of the crude was proposed on the basis of its characteristic and the data of the homogeneous order to made the most use of petroleum resources and bined the market needs of the fuel in our country, it was determined that the set was the type of fuellubrication. The atmospheric distillation tower adopted the schemeof lubricants and forerunning adopted flash tower. The atmospheric distillation tower was setted 37 layers double flow trays with the type of F1 adiameter of tower is and and the distance between trays is tower is m high. The top of the tower was setted cold reflux(the heat exchange rate was 50%) and the both sides of the tower was setted the two intermediate circulating reflux( heat exchange rates were each 20% and 30%).The sidedrawand the bottom of the tower were stripped by hyperthermia aqueous vapour. The results showed the scheme is reasonable. The furnace was vertical cylindrical type temperature of the flue gas vented from the convection chamber is 188 ℃ .. Furnace efficiency is %.The process flowchart of the unit was drawn by use of the AutoCAD software. Keywords ： Qinghai mixed crude。 Atmospheric distillation。 Furnace。 Technology calculation 西安石油大學(xué)高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) I 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................ 1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ............................................................................................................... 1 設(shè)計(jì)能力 ............................................................................................................... 1 裝置特點(diǎn) ............................................................................................................... 1 工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述 ....................................................................................................... 1 原油蒸餾概況及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ....................................................................... 1 2 青海混合原油物性及評(píng)價(jià) .............................................. 3 青?；旌显偷囊话阈再|(zhì) ..................................................................................... 3 2. 2 混合 原 油實(shí)沸點(diǎn) 蒸 餾及窄餾 分 性 ........................................................................ 4 混合原 油 各餾 分 收率 和 性質(zhì) ................................................................................ 5 3 原油加工方案和切割方案 ............................................. 10 原油加工方案 ....................................................................................................... 10 原油切割方案 ....................................................................................................... 11 4 基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算 ..................................................... 12 蒸餾數(shù)據(jù)的相互轉(zhuǎn)化 ........................................................................................... 12 平均沸點(diǎn)的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 14 相對(duì)密度和比重指數(shù)的計(jì)算 ............................................................................... 14 分子量和特性因數(shù)的計(jì)算 ................................................................................... 14 臨界性質(zhì)的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 15 焦點(diǎn)性質(zhì)的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 15 油品性質(zhì)參數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果匯總 ............................................................................... 15 5 閃蒸塔的工藝設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ............................................... 17 閃蒸塔的操作條件的確定 ................................................................................... 17 閃頂、閃底油性質(zhì)的計(jì)算 ................................................................................. 17 閃蒸塔的物料平衡 ............................................................................................. 18 閃蒸塔的熱平衡 ................................................................................................. 18 閃蒸塔的塔徑計(jì)算 ............................................................................................. 19 閃蒸塔的計(jì)算結(jié)果匯總 ..................................................................................... 19 6 常壓塔的工藝設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ............................................... 20 西安石油大學(xué)高職畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) II 常壓塔的物料平衡計(jì)算 ..................................................................................... 20 汽提蒸汽用量的確定 ......................................................................................... 20 塔板形式和塔板數(shù)的確定 ................................................................................. 20 常壓塔計(jì)算草圖 ................................................................................................. 20 塔頂及側(cè)線溫度的假設(shè)與回流熱分配 ............................................................. 24 側(cè)線及塔頂溫度的校核 ..................................................................................... 25 全塔汽液相負(fù)荷的計(jì)算 ..................................................................................... 30 7 塔板設(shè)計(jì)及其水力學(xué)計(jì)算 ............................................. 36 基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) ............................................................................................................... 36 塔板的結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 36 塔板的水力學(xué)計(jì)算 ............................................................................................. 38 塔 板的負(fù)荷性能圖 .....