【正文】 摘要 年產(chǎn) 350萬噸原油常壓蒸餾工藝計(jì)算 摘要 石油也稱原油或黑色金子，是一種粘稠的、深褐色（有時(shí)有點(diǎn)綠色的）液體。它由不同的碳?xì)浠衔锘旌辖M成，其主要組成成分是烷烴，此外石油中還含硫、氧、氮、磷、釩等元素。石油主要被用來作為燃油和汽油，燃料油和汽油組成目前世界上最重要的一次能源之一。 蒸餾是液體混合物加熱，其中輕組分汽化，將其導(dǎo)出進(jìn)行冷凝，使其輕重組分得到分離。 蒸餾依據(jù)原理是混合物中各組分沸點(diǎn) (揮發(fā)度 )的不同。 蒸餾有多種形式，可歸納為閃蒸 (平衡汽化或一次汽化 )，簡(jiǎn)單蒸餾 (漸次汽化 )和精餾三種。其中簡(jiǎn)單蒸餾 常用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室或小型裝置上，它屬于間歇式蒸餾過程，分離程度不高。 本設(shè)計(jì)是年產(chǎn) 350 萬噸錦州原油常壓蒸餾的工藝設(shè)計(jì)。 并對(duì)常壓原油的生產(chǎn)方法、生產(chǎn)原理、流程路線及主要設(shè)備等進(jìn)行了論述說明和計(jì)算。本設(shè)計(jì)采用 1 次中 段 回流，計(jì)算塔徑 米，塔板 20 層，開孔率%，浮閥個(gè)數(shù) 2680 個(gè)，設(shè)計(jì) 13次換熱 ，熱量 利用率為 % 關(guān)鍵詞： 換熱 蒸餾 石油 工藝設(shè)計(jì) Abstract Abstract Also known as crude oil or black gold, is a viscous, dark brown (sometimes a bit green) liquid. It consists of a mixture of different hydrocarbons, the main ponents are alkanes, in addition to the oil content also, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, vanadium and other elements. Oil was used mainly as fuel and gasoline, fuel oil and gasoline position of the world39。s most important energy sources. Distillation is a liquid mixture of heat, in which vaporization of light ponents, will be condensed to its export to the severity of separated ponents. Based on the principle of distillation is the boiling point of each ponent in the mixture (volatility) is different from mine. Distilled a variety of forms, can be summed up in flash (or a balance of vaporization vaporization), a simple distillation (vaporization gradually) and three distillation. Simple distillation of which are monly used in laboratory or smallscale devices, which are batch distillation process, the degree of separation is not high. The design is an annual output of million tons of crude oil atmospheric distillation jinzhou Process Design. Atmospheric crude oil and production methods, production principles, processes, such as routes and major equipment to carry out instructions and the calculation is discussed. Abstract The design uses 1 back to the middle of calculating the towers meters diameter, plate 20, opening rate of percent, the number of valve 2680, the design of heat exchanger13, heat utilization rate of % Key words： Heat exchanger Distillation Oil Process Desig 目錄 目錄 第一章 原油精餾塔的工藝計(jì)算 ........................... 2 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù) ................................................................................................. 2 已知數(shù)據(jù) .......................................................................................... 2 實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供的數(shù)據(jù) ....................................................................................... 2 錦州原油的實(shí)沸點(diǎn)蒸餾數(shù)據(jù) ..................................................... 2 產(chǎn)品的 恩氏蒸餾數(shù)據(jù) ................................................................... 3 原油性質(zhì) .......................................................................................... 3 常壓塔的工藝計(jì)算 ....................................................................................... 4 原油及產(chǎn)品有關(guān)參數(shù)的計(jì)算 ..................................................... 4 將常壓恩氏蒸餾數(shù)據(jù)換為常壓平衡汽化數(shù)據(jù) .................... 6 計(jì)算結(jié)果整理 ................................................................................. 7 物料衡算 .......................................................................................... 8 第二章 塔的工藝參數(shù)選取 ............................... 9 原油精餾塔計(jì)算草圖求取 ......................................................................... 9 確定蒸汽用量 ................................................................................. 9 塔板型適合塔板數(shù) ........................................................................ 9 目錄 精餾塔計(jì)算草圖 ............................................................................ 9 操作壓力的確定 .......................................................................... 11 汽化段和塔底溫度的確定 ....................................................................... 11 汽化段溫度 .................................................................................... 11 塔底溫度 ........................................................................................ 13 第三章 塔頂及側(cè)線溫度的假設(shè)與回流熱分配 ......................................... 14 全塔回流熱 ................................................................................................... 14 假設(shè)塔頂及各側(cè)線溫度 ............................................................ 14 全塔回流熱 .................................................................................... 14 回流熱分配 .................................................................................... 15 側(cè)線及塔頂溫度的校 ................................................................................. 15 柴油抽出板溫度 .......................................................................... 15 塔頂溫 度 ........................................................................................ 17 第四章 塔設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .............................. 19 全塔氣液負(fù)荷的分布計(jì)算 ....................................................................... 19 塔頂?shù)臍庖贺?fù)荷 .......................................................................... 19 第 6 塊板的氣液相負(fù)荷 ............................................................ 19 第 8 塊板的氣液相負(fù)荷 ............................................................ 21 第 12 層下方的氣液負(fù) ............................................................... 22 目錄 第 13 層下方的氣液負(fù) ............................................................... 23 各段氣液相負(fù)荷列表 ................................................................................. 23 第五章 常壓塔和塔板主要工藝尺寸計(jì)算 ................... 25 塔徑的初算 .................................................................................