【正文】 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞】 構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞不定式非 在句中的作用（除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）謂 構(gòu)成： 語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng) 用法（主、賓、表、定）詞 構(gòu)成：V. ing / （規(guī)則變化） 分詞 用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）（一）動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成 二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) 介詞賓語(yǔ)I like playing basketball very 。Stamps are used for sending 。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。表語(yǔ)His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)She is in the reading 。We should improve our teaching 。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語(yǔ)中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。我們初中階段常見(jiàn)的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（習(xí)慣于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can39。t help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。 完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up） 考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest, can39。t help, feel like）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的構(gòu)成不定時(shí)的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to 是不定式符號(hào)，本身無(wú)詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動(dòng)詞原形。 動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。作主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后面。表語(yǔ)My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)—What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？—He likes to play 。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓補(bǔ)My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語(yǔ)Have you got anything to say? 你有要說(shuō)的嗎？不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語(yǔ)I39。m sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。1. 不定式作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+動(dòng)詞不定式如：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如： It39。s very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 It39。s very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)① 有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ ②在find, think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. ③常見(jiàn)的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Why not do..., Why don39。t you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do...I would rather stay in the 。3. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。 注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定語(yǔ) ①不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 ②如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的。5. 不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。 He didn39。t know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。例題 ( )1. Tom39。s mother told him _______ eating too much meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We don39。t know ________ it next. Let39。s go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldn39。t be allowed ________after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place________. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _______to your studies with more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind ________those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. —_______ a volunteer is great. —I think so. Some of us want _______volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.—Don39。t forget ______your history and politics books tomorrow morning. —Thanks. I won39。t. A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.—What about _______a rest? —OK. Let39。s go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. —I like this set of sofa so much, but I don39。t know ______it in my small house. —You39。re supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped ______and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _______what was wrong with him. A: to run。 to see B: running。 seeing C: running。 to see( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished ______the report. A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.—I feel a bit hu