【正文】 中文摘要　　區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展一直是討論的熱點問題之一，作為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟增長極最重要的經(jīng)濟功能載體作用日趨重要，港口與所在地區(qū)、腹地經(jīng)濟存在以港興城，港為城用，港以城興，港城相長，衰榮共濟的緊密的相互依存、互聯(lián)互動的關(guān)系。因此促進港口經(jīng)濟協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展對推動區(qū)域經(jīng)濟乃至帶動國民經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展具有著重要意義。　　為加強國家對港口規(guī)劃和建設(shè)的管理，保障國家經(jīng)濟和社會全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展，交通部將全國沿海港口劃分為 5個港口群體。其中環(huán)渤海港口環(huán)渤海地區(qū)港口群體又可細(xì)分為遼寧、津冀和山東沿海３大港口群，大陸海岸線占全國的33%。依托東北三省和蒙東地區(qū)、京津冀等華北地區(qū)的山東及河南等中原省市，服務(wù)范圍廣泛，交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)完善，處理好環(huán)渤海地區(qū)港口間的競爭與合作能更好地促進 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展 ?！　〉壳碍h(huán)渤海港口群之間在多層次和多領(lǐng)域上存在著激烈的競爭，并且地方政府出于各種原因在促進港口經(jīng)濟合作方面存在很大盲區(qū)。但環(huán)渤海地區(qū)港口群間仍存在堅實的合作基礎(chǔ)，從一定意義上說是合作大于競爭。因此，需要政府打破傳統(tǒng)的行政區(qū)劃概念，搭建合作平臺引導(dǎo)合作，改革原有思路主動搭建合作的平臺，營造合作的環(huán)境，從公共選擇角度重塑政府。首先根據(jù)決策的結(jié)果取決于決策的規(guī)則，需要完善立法，即加強港口立法，進一步深化政府機構(gòu)改革，理順港口管理體制。同時用法律法規(guī)形式規(guī)范行業(yè)協(xié)會、商會和其他社會組織的作用。其次，摒棄特殊利益集團，做好港口統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃、推進港口一體化進程。最后，建立高層合作機制，樹立科學(xué)政績觀在建立政府間的高層合作機制和改革傳統(tǒng)績效觀念，從科學(xué)發(fā)展的角度評價政府績效 。需要港口企業(yè)建立有效的合作機制，形成聯(lián)合優(yōu)勢。具體來說，首先要在港口群間建立和完善跨區(qū)域口岸合作的機構(gòu)和機制，成立跨區(qū)域管理機構(gòu)并完善機制，并且不斷推進港口群信息化有效共享平臺的建設(shè)。其次，發(fā)揮兩大保稅港區(qū)輻射優(yōu)勢，形成聯(lián)合競爭優(yōu)勢。最后，開展貨物中轉(zhuǎn)聯(lián)合運輸，共同打造服務(wù)品牌。 關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)渤海港口 港口經(jīng)濟 公共選擇 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟政策Abstract　　The development of the regional economy has always been one of the hot questions, and the port, functioning as the most important economic carrier of the regional economy has being more and more important. There exist interdependent and interactive relations between the port and the region in which the port is located and the hinterland39。s economy. Therefore, to promote the coordinated development of the port39。s economy is critical to the promotion of the regional economy and even is helpful to drive the national economy.　　In order to strengthen the national administration of the planning and construction of the port, and to ensure the prehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the national economy, Ministry of Communications divides coastal ports into five groups. Among them, the group around Bohai sea area can be subdivided into 3 subgroups including Liaoning, Tianjin and Hebei and Shangdong. The continental coastal line takes 33% of the total coastal line in China. Relying on Liaoning, Helongjiang, Jiling, the east part of Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Henan, ports around Bohai sea area could provide a full range of service and the perfect transportation system. But there exists multilayer petition in different fields among these three subgroups. Additionally, there are blind areas among local governments in promoting the cooperation between ports due to various reasons. Therefore, how to deal with the petition and cooperation among these ports, especially how to build a cooperative platform from the perspective of transforming governmental functions are really important. 　　As a matter of fact, there is the solid cooperative foundation among these subgroups, and to some extent there is more cooperation than petition among them. Hence, it needs local governments to give up the traditional executive concepts, to build up the cooperative platform and to create the cooperative atmosphere. In order to reshape the government from the perspective of public choice, firstly, according to the principle of the rule of decisionmaking determining the result of decisionmaking, it needs to strengthen the port legislation, to deepen the reform of government39。s institution and rationalize the management system of the port. In the meantime, laws and rules should be passed to regulate craft unions, trade associations and other social organizations。 secondly, it needs to avoid the influence of special interest groups, uniform the port planning and promote the integration of ports。 finally, it needs to establish the system of highlevel dialogue and adopt the scientific view on achievements. In order to assess the government39。s achievements in a scientific way, port panies should establish an effective cooperative system to integrate advantages, specifically speaking, firstly, institutions and systems which can promote cooperation across regions should be established and improved among these subgroups. The administrative institution should also be set up to push the building of the platform for sharing information。 secondly, by making full use of radiation advantages of the bonded zone, port panies can get the integrated petitive advantage。 finally, port panies should develop the integrated transit shipment and build the service brand jointly. Key words: ports of Bohai ring port economy public choice policy of regional economy目 錄一、緒論.................................................................................... 1 （一）研究的目的、意義 ..................................................................1 （二）國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .....................................................................2 （三）研究方法 ...........................................................................4 （四）研究框架 ..............................................................................4 （五）研究的內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點...............................................................5 二、港口經(jīng)濟和公共選擇論述............................................................ 6 （一）港口經(jīng)濟 .................................................................................6 （二）沿海港口群...........................................................................12 （三）公共選擇理論 ........................................................................ 18三、港口經(jīng)濟與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式的選擇................................. 21 (一) 港口經(jīng)濟與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式................................................... 21 （二）港口經(jīng)濟對沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展的效應(yīng)分析....................................... 23 （三）樹立區(qū)域意識 發(fā)展港口經(jīng)濟................................................... 25四、環(huán)渤海港口經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀................................................... 27 （一）環(huán)渤海港口經(jīng)濟總體現(xiàn)狀......................................................... 27 （二）環(huán)渤海港口間的競爭情況...................................................... 30 （三）環(huán)渤海地區(qū)港口間合作分析......................................................32五、從公共選擇角度重塑政府................................................... 35 （一）根據(jù)決策的結(jié)果取決于決策的規(guī)則，需要完善立法 ...............35 （二）摒棄特殊利益集團，做好港口規(guī)劃、推進港口一體化進程 ...37 （三）建立高層合作機制，樹立科學(xué)政績觀 .................