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編號(hào) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文(數(shù)控)課題名稱 配合零件加工工藝、程序編制及仿真 前 言大學(xué)三年的學(xué)習(xí)生活即將結(jié)束,大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生活中的最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)也是最重要一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,各類工業(yè)新產(chǎn)品層出不窮。機(jī)械制造產(chǎn)業(yè)作為國(guó)民工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),其產(chǎn)品更是日趨精密復(fù)雜,特別是在宇航、航海、軍事等領(lǐng)域所需的機(jī)械零件,精度要求更高和形狀更為復(fù)雜。這時(shí),數(shù)控機(jī)床才能滿足這類產(chǎn)品的加工要求。本次課程設(shè)計(jì)以FANUC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)手工編制典型零件的加工程序。通過(guò)本課程的課程設(shè)計(jì),考查我們綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的機(jī)械知識(shí)的能力,尤其是機(jī)械制造技術(shù)等課程的交叉運(yùn)用能力;使我們掌握數(shù)控加工工藝與編程的一般過(guò)程:分析零件圖 →研究制定工藝方案 →選擇刀具和切削用量 →編制加工程序。另外,再次熟練運(yùn)用常用繪圖軟件如:AutoCAD本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是為了讓我們更清楚地理解怎樣確定零件的加工方案,為我們即將走上工作崗位的畢業(yè)生打基礎(chǔ),最后,讓我們?cè)跀?shù)控銑床上加工出該零件達(dá)到圖紙要求。 數(shù)控技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用給傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)方式,產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)帶來(lái)了深刻的變化。也給傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械專業(yè)的人才帶來(lái)新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。 隨著我國(guó)綜合國(guó)力的進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)和加入世貿(mào)組織。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)全面與國(guó)際接軌,并逐步成為全球制造中心,我國(guó)企業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代化數(shù)控技術(shù)參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。數(shù)控技術(shù)是制造實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化,集成化的基礎(chǔ),是提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率不可少的物資手段。 此次設(shè)計(jì)讓我們畢業(yè)生更好的熟悉數(shù)控銑床,確定加工工藝,學(xué)會(huì)分析零件為走上工作崗位打下基礎(chǔ)。由于能力有限,經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足設(shè)計(jì)中還有許多不足的地方,希望各位老師能多加指教。摘要: 現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床是綜合應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)、自動(dòng)控制、自動(dòng)檢測(cè) 以及精密機(jī)械等高新技術(shù)的產(chǎn)物,是典型的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品,是完全新型的自動(dòng)化機(jī)床。 隨著科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展,機(jī)械產(chǎn)品性能、結(jié)構(gòu)、形狀和材料的不斷 改進(jìn)、精密不斷提高,生產(chǎn)類型由大批量(如汽車)生產(chǎn)向多品種小批量生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化。因此,對(duì)零件加工質(zhì)量和精度的要求越來(lái)越高。由于產(chǎn)品變化頻繁,目前在一般機(jī)械加工中,單件、小批量的產(chǎn)品約占七成以上。為有效地保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和降低成本,對(duì)機(jī)床提出了高精度 , 具有較好的通用性和較大的靈活性,以適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)對(duì)象頻繁變化的需要與高自動(dòng)化的要求。數(shù)控銑床是銑削加工功能較全的數(shù)控機(jī)床。它可以把銑削、螺紋加工、鉆削等功能集中在一臺(tái)設(shè)備上,使其具有多種工藝手段。采用數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)行加工可以大大提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,保證加工零件的精度,減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,為新產(chǎn)品的研制和改型換代節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間和費(fèi)用,提高企業(yè)產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 。 這次針對(duì)于我們這些即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生必須要做的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),我們要做的工作很多。首先我們要了解數(shù)控加工的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),接著我們要在了解數(shù)控加工的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的零件進(jìn)行加工工藝分析,其中包括:零件圖、零件圖樣工藝分析,選擇加工內(nèi)容,選擇所使用的數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)備,根據(jù)零件圖選擇毛坯(毛坯圖),確定裝夾方案,確定加工順序及進(jìn)給路線(附圖說(shuō)明),選擇刀具,選擇切削用量,數(shù)控加工工藝卡片的擬定:數(shù)控加工刀具卡片;數(shù)控加工工藝卡片;數(shù)控加工工藝及裝備等。然后在工藝分析的基礎(chǔ)上:確定編程坐標(biāo)系及編程原點(diǎn);數(shù)值計(jì)算;編寫(xiě)加工程序并分析。最后通過(guò)仿真或首件試切削進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)。關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)控銑床、數(shù)控編程、工藝分析、公差A(yù)bstract:Modern CNC machine tool is integrated puter, automatic control, automatic detection and precision machinery, hightech products, is a typical electromechanical integration products, is pletely new type of automated machine tools. Along with the rapid development of science, mechanical properties, structure, shape and materials continue to improve, continuously improve precision, highvolume production by type (such as automobiles) to the production of small batch production into more. Therefore, the quality and accuracy of processing parts of the increasingly high demands. As products change frequently, in the general machining, and singleitem, small quantities of products accounting for about 70%. To effectively guarantee the quality of products, improve labor productivity and reduce costs, the proposed highprecision machine tools, has good versatility and greater flexibility to adapt to frequent changes in the production target with the needs of high automation requirements. CNC Milling Machine Milling is a fullfunction CNC machine tool. It can be milling, screw machining, drilling, and other functions on one piece of equipment so that it will have a variety of means. CNC milling machine used for processing can greatly improve the quality of products and ensure the accuracy of the processing ponents, reduce labor intensity for the new product development and modification and updating of saving a lot of time and costs and increase the petitiveness of their products.BE aim at in us this time, these student who will soon graduate have to do of graduations design, we want to do of the works is a lot want to understand number to control the foundation knowledge for process first, immediately after we want in understanding number to control the foundation of foundation knowledge for process the spare parts of[with] design to carry on processing the craft analysis to the graduation, including among them:The spare parts diagram,the spare parts drawing craft is analytical, the choice processes a contents, choose use of the number control the tool machine equipments, according to the spare parts diagram choice semifinished product(the semifinished product diagram), the assurance packs to clip a project, the assurance process in proper order and enter to the route(attach the diagram elucidation), choose knife to have, choose to slice to pare dosage, the number controls a drawup of process the craft card:The number controls to process knife to have card。The number controls to process craft card。The number controls to process craft and material etc..Then foundation analyzed in the craft up:The certain plait distance sits mark to fasten and weave a distance to order at first。The number pute。Write to process procedure to bine to imitate finally really or the first try to slice to pare to carry on a school to check.Key words:CNC milling machine, CNC programming, process analysis, Tolerance目 錄任務(wù)書(shū)前言摘要(中、英文及關(guān)鍵詞)一、概論二、零件圖三、數(shù)控加工的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)3.1零件的數(shù)控加工過(guò)程3.2切削加工必須具備的兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)3.3切屑要素3.4金屬切屑過(guò)程的控制3.5切削液的選擇3.6機(jī)床夾具的選擇四、零件的加工工藝分析4.1毛坯的選擇4.2工藝路線的設(shè)計(jì)4.3數(shù)控機(jī)床的選擇4.4劃分工序、工步(附數(shù)控銑床加工的工序卡片)4.5刀具的選擇(附數(shù)控銑床加工刀具卡片)4.6對(duì)刀點(diǎn)和換刀點(diǎn)的確定五、定位及定位基準(zhǔn)的分析5.1工件定位的分析5.2工件定位基準(zhǔn)的分析六、輔助值得計(jì)算6.1機(jī)床轉(zhuǎn)速的計(jì)算6.2加工余量的計(jì)算七、程序的編制八、仿真 CRT/MDI操作面板介紹 機(jī)床操作面板介紹 Vnuc軟件程序仿真九、結(jié)束語(yǔ)十、參考文獻(xiàn)十一、附件(實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告)一、 概論這次針對(duì)于我們這些即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生必須要做的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),我們要做的工作很多。首先我們要了解數(shù)控加工的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),接著我們要在了解數(shù)控加工的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的零件進(jìn)行加工工藝分析,其中包括:零件圖、零件圖樣工藝分析,選擇加工內(nèi)容,選擇所使用的數(shù)控機(jī)床設(shè)備,根據(jù)零件圖選擇毛坯(毛坯圖),確定裝夾方案,確定加工順序及進(jìn)給路線(附圖說(shuō)明),選擇刀具,選擇切削用量,數(shù)控加工工藝卡片的擬定:數(shù)控加工刀具卡片;數(shù)控加工工藝卡片;數(shù)控加工工藝及裝備等。然后在工藝分析的基礎(chǔ)上:確定編程坐標(biāo)系及編程原點(diǎn);數(shù)值計(jì)算;編寫(xiě)加工程序并分析。最后通過(guò)仿真或首件試切削進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)。二、零件圖圖二圖一三、數(shù)控加工的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)零件的數(shù)控加工過(guò)程利用數(shù)控機(jī)床完成零件數(shù)控加工的過(guò)程如圖1-1所示.主要內(nèi)容包括如下 ①、根據(jù)零件加工圖樣進(jìn)行工藝分析,確定加工l方案、工藝參數(shù)和位移數(shù)據(jù), ②、用規(guī)定的程序代碼和格式編寫(xiě)零件加上程序單:或用自動(dòng)編程軟件,進(jìn)行CAD/CAM工作,直接生成零件的加工程序文件。 ③、程序的輸人或傳輸。由手工編寫(xiě)的程序,可以通過(guò)數(shù)控機(jī)床的操作,面板輸入;由編程軟件生成的程序,通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)的串行通信接口直接傳輸?shù)綌?shù)控機(jī)床的數(shù)控單兒(MCU)。 ④、將輸人/傳輸?shù)綌?shù)控單元的加1程序,進(jìn)行試運(yùn)行、刀具路徑模擬等. ⑤、通過(guò)對(duì)機(jī)床的正確操作,運(yùn)行程序,完成零件的加工。 由于我設(shè)計(jì)的兩個(gè)配合件是使用數(shù)控銑床進(jìn)行加工的,所以加工過(guò)程和上述加工過(guò)程一樣。()切削加工必須具備的兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)在機(jī)床上為了切除工件上的多于的金屬,以獲得形狀精度、尺寸精度和表面質(zhì)量都符合要求的工件,刀具與工件之間必須作相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)——切屑運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)切屑運(yùn)動(dòng)在切屑加工過(guò)程中所起作用的不同,可將切屑運(yùn)動(dòng)分為主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。主運(yùn)動(dòng)是切屑工件上多于金屬層,形成工件新表面的必要運(yùn)動(dòng)。它是由機(jī)床提供的主要運(yùn)動(dòng)。主運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)是速度最高,消耗功率最多。進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)是把被切屑金屬層間斷或連續(xù)投入切屑的一種運(yùn)動(dòng),與主運(yùn)動(dòng)相配合即可不斷地切除金屬層,獲得所需的表面。進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)是速度小,消耗功率少。切屑要素切屑要素分為兩大類——切屑用量要素和切屑層公稱橫截面要素。在切屑過(guò)程中,要根據(jù)不同的工件材料、刀具材料和其他技術(shù)經(jīng)