【正文】
摘 要 在社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn),是金融工作乃至整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的一件大事,尤其是在農(nóng)村金融領(lǐng)域,當(dāng)前防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比以往任何時(shí)候都顯得迫切和重要。農(nóng)村金融一旦出現(xiàn)較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如出現(xiàn)較大范圍的存款擠兌,就會(huì)迅速釀成金融風(fēng)暴,其結(jié)果將會(huì)是農(nóng)村金融乃至整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行陷入癱瘓,它對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的危害,不僅在于將大大削弱金融機(jī)構(gòu)的支付能力,損害廣大存款人的利益,損害社會(huì)主義農(nóng)村金融業(yè)的良好聲譽(yù),而且將嚴(yán)重激化財(cái)政收支矛盾,迫使中央銀行增發(fā)貨幣,最終導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹,危及國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。 本文以農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為研究對(duì)象,沿著“提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題—解決”的思路,采取了規(guī)范研究與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合的方法以及比較分析、定量分析、定性分析的方法。論述了我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的現(xiàn)狀,包括農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特性、農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)表現(xiàn)形式,之后對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行原因分析,最后提出防范農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的措施。關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)村金融;風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制;防范;農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì) ABSTRACT In socialist market economy condition, it is a great event to prevent and defuse financial risks of financial work and even the entire social and economic activities. Especially in rural financial field, it is urgent and important to prevent and defuse financial risks at present than ever before. Once rural financial appearing greater economic risks, such as a larger range of deposit runs, will quickly lead to financial turmoil. The result is that rural finance and the entire social and economic operation are paralysed. Its social and economic activities of the harm is not only the weakness of ability to pay financial institutions, the majority of damage to the interests of depositors and the damage to the socialist rural financial sector39。s good reputation, and revenue and expenditure will seriously aggravate conflicts, forcing the central bank issuing the currency, eventually leading to additional monetary inflation, endanger the stability of economy development. The paper takes the rural financial risk as the research object, along the road of putting forward the question analyzing the problems solving the problems. Combining the standardize study with positive research, parative analysis,quantitative analysis and qualitative the foundation of analyzing in the relevant theories of rural financial risks, the paper described the current situations of the rural financial risks of our country, including type and form of rural financial risks,the characteristics of rural financial risks,and then analyze the reason of the rural financial risks of our country,finally put forward the measure to prevent against rural financial risks. Key words: rural financial; risk controlling; prevent ;rural economy目 錄第1章 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概述 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的內(nèi)涵………………………………………………………3 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特點(diǎn)………………………………………………………4第2章 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的表現(xiàn)形式 信貸資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量差,不良資產(chǎn)比例高…………………………………5 資本嚴(yán)重缺乏,資本充足率低甚至為負(fù)……………………………6 內(nèi)部管理薄弱,違規(guī)經(jīng)營(yíng)嚴(yán)重…………………………………………6 農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)嚴(yán)重落后于三農(nóng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的需求………………………7 制度風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,制度改革不到位……………………………………8 負(fù)債結(jié)構(gòu)單一,資產(chǎn)盈利性差………………………………………8 第3章 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成因分析 農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有科學(xué)有效的管理機(jī)制…………………………9 農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)沒(méi)有完善的內(nèi)控機(jī)制………………………………9 不正當(dāng)?shù)男姓深A(yù)加劇了農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)…………………………10 各類(lèi)非法金融活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)…………………11 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)特性所導(dǎo)致的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)……………………………………12 農(nóng)村金融法制不健全,有待優(yōu)化……………………………………12 農(nóng)村金融監(jiān)管制度的不完善…………………………………………13第4章 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制措施 農(nóng)村金融機(jī)構(gòu)的自我完善………………………………………………13 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的控制要從降低農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)入手………………14 強(qiáng)化外部監(jiān)管……………………………………………………………16 優(yōu)化農(nóng)村金融發(fā)展的外部環(huán)境………………………………………18結(jié)束語(yǔ) ………………………………………………………………………………… 19參考文獻(xiàn) ……………………………………………………………………………… 21第1章 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)概述 農(nóng)村金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的內(nèi)涵“考察中國(guó)農(nóng)村金融產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的歷程可以發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)村金融是伴隨著農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而逐步演進(jìn)的,其牽涉范圍廣袤、延綿時(shí)間久遠(yuǎn)”。然而,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),學(xué)術(shù)界和政界,對(duì)于農(nóng)村金融理論概念卻沒(méi)有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的界定。不同的學(xué)者對(duì)其有不同的理解:“農(nóng)村金融是農(nóng)村貨幣資金運(yùn)動(dòng)中的信用關(guān)系”(王世英,1992);“農(nóng)村金融是農(nóng)村這一特定領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的貨幣流通和信用活動(dòng)有關(guān)的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”(張守仁等,1994);“農(nóng)村金融是指農(nóng)村貨幣資金的融通”(王紹儀,2002),等等。根據(jù)不同學(xué)者的觀(guān)點(diǎn),可以認(rèn)為農(nóng)村金融的內(nèi)涵是從區(qū)域性的角度去界定,農(nóng)村金融是整個(gè)金融體系中與城市金融相對(duì)應(yīng)的概念范疇?!稗r(nóng)村金融即農(nóng)村貨幣資金的融通,是指在農(nóng)村以及與農(nóng)業(yè)密切相關(guān)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中,為農(nóng)民、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)而組織和調(diào)劑農(nóng)村資金的活動(dòng),它以資金為實(shí)體、以信用為手段、以貨幣為表現(xiàn)形式的農(nóng)村資金運(yùn)動(dòng)、信用活動(dòng)和貨幣流通三者的統(tǒng)一?!鞭r(nóng)村金融既屬于金融范疇,作為整個(gè)金融體系的構(gòu)成單元,也屬于農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)范疇,是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)不可分割的一部分。農(nóng)村金融的發(fā)展既離不開(kāi)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,同時(shí)也是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的“助推器”,影響農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度和質(zhì)量。金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與金融是相生相伴的,金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)突發(fā)性強(qiáng)、涉及而廣、危害性大,常常危及金融、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)甚至政治穩(wěn)定。作為整個(gè)金融體系中的重要組成部分的農(nóng)村金融,由于其內(nèi)在的脆弱性更是面臨著巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。所謂金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn),是指由于金融資產(chǎn)價(jià)格的不正?;顒?dòng),或者大量的經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融機(jī)構(gòu)背負(fù)巨額債務(wù)及其資產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)惡化使得它們抵御沖擊的能力很弱,一旦出現(xiàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事故,則