【正文】 1. Phonetics amp。 Language Introduction:1. There is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. This is ______one of the design features of language.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is ______ . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 3. _____ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 4. _____ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldn’t be bowwowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 5. ______ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 6. ______ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages.A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 7. To say “How are you. ” “Hi” to your friends is the _______of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 8. “Tell me the result when you finish.” If you want to get your hearer to do something, you should use the _____ function of language. A. directive function B. informative functionC. phatic function D. interrogative function9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _____. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural C. abnormal10. A linguist is interested in _______. A. speech sounds only B. all sounds C. vowels only C. consonants only11. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. [t] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p]12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate? A. [y] B. [t∫] C. [z] D. [dЗ ]13. Which of the following sounds is a central vowel?A. [ ? ] B. [ i ] C. [ou] D. [a: ]14. In the following sounds , ______ is a palatal fricative ?A. [ s ] B. [∫ ] C. [ l ] D. [θ]15. In the following sounds , ______ is a voiceless affricative ? A. [dЗ ] B. [ v ] C. [t∫] D. [θ]16. In English if a word begins with a [ l ] or [ r ],then the next sound must be a ____. A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semivowel D. vowel17. Of the “words” listed below, _____ is not an English word ? A. [r∧b ] B. [ l230。 b ] C. [m?sta:∫] D. [lm230。p]18. _____ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released. A. Back vowels B. Stops C. Fricatives C. Glides19. The International Phonetic Association devised the INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in ______. A. 1965 B. 1957 C. 1888 D. 178820. ____ is a phonological unit , and it is a unit that is of distinctive value. A. Phone B. Phoneme C. Allophone D. SoundII. Tell which statements are true or false.1. [ f ] is a dental consonant. 2. Phonology studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. 3. Phoneme is a phonological unit. 4. Phone is a phonetic unit.5. When we study the different [ p ]’s in “[ pit ], [tip ], [spit ]” , they are similar phones which belong to phonetics.6. But the three [ p ] belong to the different phoneme / p /. 7. The three / p / are allophones. 8. ‘peak’ is aspirated , phonetically transcribed as [ph]。 ‘speak’ is unaspirated phonetically[ p=]. 9. [ph ], [p=] do not belong to the same phoneme / p /. 10. [p h] and [ p=] are two different phones, and are variants of the phoneme / p /, which is called ALLOPHONES of the same phoneme.BACDD CCACA DDABC DDBCB II. 2. F 3. T 4. T 8. T 9. F 10. TI. Choose the best choice(語音)1. Which is a voiced bilabial stop?A. [m] B. [v] C. [p] D. [b]2. Which is a voiceless affricate?A. [w] B. [f] C. [t∫] D. [n]3. Which is monophothong?A. [i] B. [au] C. [ai] D. [ei]4. Which is a voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p] B. [m] C. [b] D. [t]5. Which is a voiced affricate?A. [j] B. [z] C. [t∫] D. [dЗ]6. Which is a central vowel ?A. [i] B. [?:] C. [ou] D. [a:]7. In English if a word begins with [l] or [r] , then the next sound must be a ____.A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semivowel D. Vowel8. Which is a palatal fricative? A. [s] B. [k] C. [∫ ] D. [l]9. Which is not a English word? A. [r ?? b] B. [l230。b] C. [sta:∫ ] D. [ lm230。p]10. Which is a unaspirate? A. sky B. kill C. like D. kite2. Semantics 練習1. _______ is not included in Leech’s associative meaning.A. Connotative meaning B. Social meaningC. Collocative meaning D. Thematic meaning D2. Among Leech’s seven types of meaning is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to _______. A. conceptual B. affective C. reflected D. thematic A3. According to the referential theory, a word is not directly related to t