國(guó)際財(cái)務(wù)管理課后習(xí)題答案解析chapter(已修改)
2025-06-30 21:13 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 CHAPTER 5 THE MARKET FOR FOREIGN EXCHANGESUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO ENDOFCHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMSQUESTIONS1. Give a full definition of the market for foreign exchange.Answer: Broadly defined, the foreign exchange (FX) market enpasses the conversion of purchasing power from one currency into another, bank deposits of foreign currency, the extension of credit denominated in a foreign currency, foreign trade financing, and trading in foreign currency options and futures contracts.2. What is the difference between the retail or client market and the wholesale or interbank market for foreign exchange?Answer: The market for foreign exchange can be viewed as a twotier market. One tier is the wholesale or interbank market and the other tier is the retail or client market. International banks provide the core of the FX market. They stand willing to buy or sell foreign currency for their own account. These international banks serve their retail clients, corporations or individuals, in conducting foreign merce or making international investment in financial assets that requires foreign exchange. Retail transactions account for only about 14 percent of FX trades. The other 86 percent is interbank trades between international banks, or nonbank dealers large enough to transact in the interbank market.3. Who are the market participants in the foreign exchange market?Answer: The market participants that prise the FX market can be categorized into five groups: international banks, bank customers, nonbank dealers, FX brokers, and central banks. International banks provide the core of the FX market. Approximately 100 to 200 banks worldwide make a market in foreign exchange, ., they stand willing to buy or sell foreign currency for their own account. These international banks serve their retail clients, the bank customers, in conducting foreign merce or making international investment in financial assets that requires foreign exchange. Nonbank dealers are large nonbank financial institutions, such as investment banks, mutual funds, pension funds, and hedge funds, whose size and frequency of trades make it cost effective to establish their own dealing rooms to trade directly in the interbank market for their foreign exchange needs.Most interbank trades are speculative or arbitrage transactions where market participants attempt to correctly judge the future direction of price movements in one currency versus another or attempt to profit from temporary price discrepancies in currencies between peting dealers.FX brokers match dealer orders to buy and sell currencies for a fee, but do not take a position themselves. Interbank traders use a broker primarily to disseminate as quickly as possible a currency quote to many other dealers.Central banks sometimes intervene in the foreign exchange market in an attempt to influence the price of its currency against that of a major trading partner, or a country that it “fixes” or “pegs” its currency against. Intervention is the process of using foreign currency reserves to buy one’s own currency in order to decrease its supply and thus increase its value in the foreign exchange market, or alternatively, selling one’s own currency for foreign currency in order to increase its supply and lower its price.4. How are foreign exchange transactions between international banks settled?Answer: The interbank market is a network of correspondent banking relationships, with large mercial banks maintaining demand deposit accounts with one another, called correspondent bank accounts. The correspondent bank account network allows for the efficient functioning of the foreign exchange market. As an example of how the network of correspondent bank accounts facilities international foreign exchange transactions, consider a . importer desiring to purchase merchandise invoiced in guilders from a Dutch exporter. The . importer will contact his bank and inquire about the exchange rate. If the . importer accepts the offered exchange rate, the bank will debit the . importer’s account for the purchase of the Dutch guilders. Th
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