【正文】 初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí) ：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。 關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who e to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We39。ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We39。ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very fortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very fortable. (F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.解答介詞+關(guān)系代詞 類型的定語(yǔ)從句題時(shí)，關(guān)鍵在于分析定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（該動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞）習(xí)慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注重某些不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞慣用的情形，并要靈活運(yùn)用。例如：In the dark street, there wasn39。t a single person ________ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom簡(jiǎn)析:本題定語(yǔ)從句中的turn 與介詞 to 構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）。所以，D是正確選項(xiàng)。四．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don39。t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 五．限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is being more and more powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他