【正文】 內(nèi)容提要國(guó)有企業(yè)改革是中國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的一個(gè)重要方面，改革的過(guò)程其實(shí)是資產(chǎn)置換和人員身份置換的過(guò)程。買斷工齡是實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有企業(yè)人員置換的一條重要途徑。作為一場(chǎng)涉及幾千萬(wàn)職工及其家庭成員的巨大社會(huì)變革，買斷工齡對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響是廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的。深入認(rèn)識(shí)買斷工齡這一社會(huì)事實(shí)，有益于相關(guān)社會(huì)政策的正確制定，也有益于對(duì)當(dāng)前的其他相關(guān)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象和問(wèn)題做出解釋，從而促進(jìn)社會(huì)的良性運(yùn)行。本文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、深度訪談獲得相關(guān)的資料，綜合運(yùn)用定性研究和定量研究的方法，從社會(huì)公正理論、資本理論和社會(huì)行動(dòng)理論等視角，對(duì)國(guó)有企業(yè)改制中買斷工齡行為過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的主要特征、成因及其影響進(jìn)行了探討。本文認(rèn)為買斷工齡是在國(guó)有企業(yè)改革過(guò)程中，政府與企業(yè)通過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償?shù)姆绞?，解除職工與原國(guó)有企業(yè)的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)有企業(yè)職工身份由“單位（企業(yè)）人”向“社會(huì)人”轉(zhuǎn)化的一種政策行為,其本質(zhì)是以資本轉(zhuǎn)換的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)職工身份的轉(zhuǎn)換。這一轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程表現(xiàn)出以單一經(jīng)濟(jì)資本替代其他資本、經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償不公平問(wèn)題突出、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)嫁于職工、非自愿與不對(duì)等、職工行動(dòng)在沖突中順從等主要特征。在此過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)這些特征的主要原因是“效率優(yōu)先”的理念下出現(xiàn)了某些政策定位偏誤，政府角色多重而出現(xiàn)職能錯(cuò)缺，以及政府、企業(yè)、職工的三方權(quán)力不平衡和職工在守法意識(shí)主導(dǎo)下采取的有限理性行動(dòng)。本文對(duì)買斷工齡行為過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行分析。買斷工齡實(shí)現(xiàn)了國(guó)企改制過(guò)程中職工身份的置換，實(shí)現(xiàn)了職工從“單位（企業(yè)）人”到“社會(huì)人”的轉(zhuǎn)變，有力地推進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的建立，促進(jìn)了人們市場(chǎng)意識(shí)的形成。但是，買斷工齡也帶來(lái)了許多負(fù)面影響，如在改變買斷工齡人員資本結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)導(dǎo)致部分人員出現(xiàn)總體性貧困；在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)方面，加速了一些富裕群體形成的同時(shí)，也導(dǎo)致了原國(guó)有企業(yè)職工中的部分成員的弱勢(shì)化；在社會(huì)心理層面，部分買斷工齡人員群體出現(xiàn)了失落、孤獨(dú)和對(duì)未來(lái)無(wú)望心理，形成一定程度的社會(huì)緊張和焦慮，而且，買斷工齡還在社會(huì)基本價(jià)值觀念和人們對(duì)執(zhí)政合法性的信任等方面帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。本文最后認(rèn)為消除和減弱買斷工齡行為過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響應(yīng)該首先反思買斷工齡行為政策的理念、性質(zhì)，賦予政策制定和實(shí)施以整體性觀照，堅(jiān)持以往貢獻(xiàn)、公正操作、互惠互利的原則，對(duì)買斷工齡人員特別是其中的弱勢(shì)群體要建立有效的保護(hù)和發(fā)展機(jī)制，完善由政府主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)。關(guān)鍵詞：國(guó)企改制買斷工齡社會(huì)公正資本轉(zhuǎn)換ABSTRACTThe replacement of assets and the replacement of personnel are thetwo key tasks in the reform of stateowned enterprises,which is animportant aspect in the transformation of Chinese off theservice years is a major way to realize the replacement of enormous social change involving tens of millions of workers andtheir family members,buying off the service years has a broad andfarreaching influence on the economic and social this social fact deeply is not only beneficial to set downcorrect social policies,but also to explain the other current socialphenomena and social problems,thereby it can promote the healthyrunning of our thesis analyses the relevant information obtained fromliterature studies,questionnaires and indepth interviews in the methodsof qualitative research and quantitative discusses the mainfeatures,causes and effects of buying off the service years in therestructuring of stateowned enterprises in the views of social justicetheory,capital theory and social action thesis thinks that the essence of buying off the service years isto transform the status of workers from“the unit(the stateownedenterprise)”to“the social”through financial pensation in theprocess of the reform of stateowned process of buyingoff the service years displays the following major features:alternatingother capital in a single economic capital,prominently unfair problem offinancial pensation,transferring of risks to workers,nonvoluntaryand nonreciprocal,and workers’obedient action in the causes led to these features are that the orientation of the policies isbias under the concept ofefficiency first,and that governmentalfunctions appear of mistakes and shortages because of the multiple roleof the government,and that the imbalanced power is among thegovernment,enterprises and workers and that the staff take limitedrational action in the awareness of thesis analyses the influences of buying off the service one hand,it achieves replacement of the status of workers,enhancespeople39。s awareness of the market,and promotes effectively to establishthe modern enterprise system and the market economy theother hand,it brings about many negative example,it leadsto overall poverty of some workers when it changes the capital structureof them。in the social structure,it leads to disadvantageousness of someformer workers of stateowned enterprises,at the same time itaccelerates some of the betteroff groups formed。in the socialpsychological aspects,it results in a certain level of social tension andanxiety,such as lose,lonely and hopeless for the future of some workerswho had bought off the service years,and what’s more,it brings aboutnegative effects not only in the basic social values but also in theconfidence of the legitimacy of the order to reduce or eliminate these negative impacts,this thesisadvises that we should reflect on conviction and nature of policies of theacts,consider wholly establishment and implement of the policies,abideby the principles of pensation according to contributions,fairoperation and mutual benefit,establish an effective mechanism of theprotection and development for the workers who had bought off theservice years,especially the vulnerable groups of them,and build up agovernmentled social support words:restructuring of stateowned enterprises/buying offthe service years/social justice/capital conversion目錄前言......................................................................................1（一）問(wèn)題的提出...............................................................1（二）相關(guān)研究綜述...........................................................3（三）理論視角...................................................................8（四）研究方法與資料獲得.............................................12一、買斷工齡行為概述........................................................13（一）買斷工齡的界定.....................................................13（二）買斷工齡的背景與過(guò)程.........................................16（三）買斷工齡的對(duì)象.....................................................19（四）買斷工齡的方式與一般操作程序.........................20二、買斷工齡行為的特征及其歸因分析...........................22（一）買斷工齡行為的特征.............................................22（二）買斷工齡行為特征的歸因分析.............................40三、買斷工齡行為的影響...................................................56（一）對(duì)買斷工齡人員資本結(jié)構(gòu)的影響.........................57（二）對(duì)社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)的影響.........................................66（三）對(duì)社會(huì)心理的影響.................................................69（四）對(duì)社會(huì)基本價(jià)值觀和執(zhí)政合法性的影響............74四、買斷工齡行為改進(jìn)的可行性建議...............................77（一）以人為本基礎(chǔ)上考慮政策總體性.........................77（二）在公正基礎(chǔ)上制定和實(shí)施政策.............................80（三）建立有效的保護(hù)和發(fā)展機(jī)制.................................84（四）完善政府主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)支持網(wǎng)絡(luò).............................87結(jié)束語(yǔ)....................................................................................88參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................90后記....................................................................................971前言（一）問(wèn)題的提出當(dāng)前我國(guó)社會(huì)處于轉(zhuǎn)