美國(guó)文學(xué)史期末考試資料(已修改)
2024-11-16 22:49 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 一 . 殖民時(shí)期的美國(guó) : Colonial America 17c 早 ——18c 末 1. 從英國(guó)探險(xiǎn)者和殖民者在新大陸的作品開(kāi)始，描述他們?cè)谛麓箨懻鎸?shí)而精力充沛的冒險(xiǎn)。 2. 另一類為清教作品 Philip Freneau 菲利普 費(fèi)瑞諾： 第一位美國(guó)抒情詩(shī)人兼記者 “Father of American Poetry”(美國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父 ) Puritanism: 清教主義 American Puritanism influences on American literature: 1. Idealism and optimism 理想主義和樂(lè)觀主義 2. Symbolism 象征主義 3. Simplicity. 簡(jiǎn)潔 愛(ài)德華茲： the first modern American can the country’s last medieval man. “the current of Transcendentalism, originating in the piety of the Puritans, veing a philosophy in Jonathan Edwards, passing through Emerson.” 超驗(yàn)論由清教徒的虔誠(chéng)演變而來(lái) 在喬納森 愛(ài)德華茲的哲理得到發(fā)展 繼而傳給愛(ài)默生 富蘭克林 A rare genius in human history Jack of all trades (雜家 ) 1) He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the .: ① The Declaration of Independence ② The Treaty of Alliance with France 美法同盟條約 ① The Treaty of Peace with Englan 英美和平條約 ④ Constitution 2) His claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his Poor Richard’s Almanac(P34 幾句名言看 ) and Autobiography. was the first of its kind in literature.(文學(xué)史上該類作品開(kāi)山之作 ) reveal the pattern of Puritan: simplicity, directness, concision. (簡(jiǎn)單、直接、明 朗 ) Edwards amp。 Franklin: Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind. Franklin represents the lower levers. Tradition of religious idealism 理想主義的宗教信仰 2 the American Puritanism is a two faceted the levelheaded mon sense—明智冷靜的判斷力 F one was as a good Puritan as the other. 兩人均是虔誠(chéng)的宗教徒 American Romanticism: 浪漫主義 1. Irving 歐文：美國(guó)第一個(gè)獲得國(guó)際聲譽(yù)的浪漫主義作家 ① The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame. ② The father of American literature. Rip Van Winkle The Sketch Book 見(jiàn)聞札記 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡覺(jué)的傳說(shuō) The Sketch Book 見(jiàn)聞札記 1). The short story as a genre in American literature 開(kāi)創(chuàng)美國(guó)短片小說(shuō)先河 2). The Sketch Book also marked the beginning of American Romanticism 標(biāo)志著浪漫主義的開(kāi)始 Irving stories are among the best of American short stories 美國(guó)短篇小說(shuō)之最 Irving’s charecters: a. Irving’s style can be described as is imitative,but he was a hightly skillful writer b. He avoids moralizing as much as possible 盡量避免說(shuō)教 c. He is good at enveloping his stories in an 境下展開(kāi) d. His characters are vivid and true 生動(dòng)，真實(shí) He was one of the makers of the new nation. Lightningrod fire departmentstreet lightingbifocal classes e. Humor f. The finished and musical language 音樂(lè)般優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言 2. Cooper 庫(kù)珀 1). He was one of the first authors to write about the American Westward movement. 2). “Leatherstocking Tales”《皮襪子故事集》主人公 Natty Bunppo The Pioneers 《拓荒者》 The Last of the Mohicans 《最后的莫西干人》 The prairie《大草原》 The Pathfinder《探鹿者》 The Deerslayer 《獵鹿者》 3) He was a mythic writer. And he was good at inventing plots. 神話作家，編造故事的能力 The greatness of cooper 1. He created a myth about the formative period of American nation 創(chuàng)造美國(guó)格式時(shí)代的神話 2. He wrote with increasing awareness of the importance to fiction of the Western Frontier. 3. He was at once devoted to principles of social order and responsive to the idea of nature and freedom in the ，對(duì)自然和子偶的理念做出了回應(yīng) 4. He i
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