【正文】 非謂語動(dòng)詞在高考中的考點(diǎn)及易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一、規(guī)律方法1．考查立意較低，主要考查的是非謂語的一些最基本的用法。但是，題目的設(shè)置注重了情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，加大了考生對(duì)題干句的理解難度。2．設(shè)問的角度呈現(xiàn)出多樣化趨勢(shì)，不僅僅是非謂語間的互相干擾。二、命題趨勢(shì)不容置疑，高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度的多樣化”的趨勢(shì)，但試題的難度將會(huì)有所控制。三、突破方法1．非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強(qiáng)的語言點(diǎn)，切不可記住幾個(gè)條條框框就去亂套。真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法要具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：① 具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)，要分得清簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句，陳述句與祈使句。② 具有簡(jiǎn)單句最基本的五種句型的知識(shí)，要分得清雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語。③ 具有扎實(shí)而豐富的動(dòng)詞知識(shí)，要分得清及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，雙賓動(dòng)詞和復(fù)賓動(dòng)詞。一些最基礎(chǔ)最常用的動(dòng)詞的用法應(yīng)當(dāng)爛熟于胸。④ 具備各種復(fù)合句的知識(shí)，能夠拆析30詞左右長(zhǎng)度的復(fù)合長(zhǎng)、難句。2．理解分析非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能，重點(diǎn)掌握不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別；不定式、分詞作補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別；不定式、分詞作狀語的區(qū)別；獨(dú)立主格的用法；不定式、分詞作定語的區(qū)別。四、非謂語題的解題總方法1. 先看四個(gè)答案：如果四個(gè)答案分別為動(dòng)詞原形、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等情況，那么這個(gè)題多半是非謂語動(dòng)詞題。2. 看符號(hào)：中間有個(gè)逗號(hào)，末尾有個(gè)句號(hào)（有時(shí)中間沒有逗號(hào)）；3. 看有沒有連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）。如果用逗號(hào)隔開的兩個(gè)部分都沒有連接詞的話，一部分是句子時(shí)，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。4. 定語態(tài)：如果本句的主語（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。5. 定時(shí)態(tài)：如果非謂語的動(dòng)作比謂語先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否則我們要用非謂語的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。Eg. for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.A. Being scolded B. Having been scolded C. To be scolded D. Scolding 【1答案：B】五、非謂語動(dòng)詞可能出現(xiàn)的考查點(diǎn)及易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一) 使用非謂動(dòng)詞的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能會(huì)考查“以動(dòng)詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個(gè)答案表面上象非謂語，其實(shí)考查的是謂語。 and you will succeed in the exam.3. ______hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【3答案：AA】2） 在“句子，非句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語。4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【4答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語：5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【5答案：B】4) 在“with + 賓語+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可能用非謂語動(dòng)詞：6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping 【6答案：D】7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【7答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使讓動(dòng)詞或感觀動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，也可能用非謂語動(dòng)詞。8. He made his sister ______ by taking away her toy.9. His sister was made _______ by his taking away her toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【9答案： A B】10. the policeman found the thief ______ his hand into an old man’s pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【10答案：B】二) 非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1） 表面上考分詞，實(shí)際上考形容詞的情況：11. __________, he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【11答案：C】12. The man won a big prize, __________and ________.A. surprised 。 happy B. surprising 。 happy C. surprised 。 pleasant D. surprising 。 pleased 【12答案：A】13. _______ in thought of the problems, the man didn’t realize his girlfriend’s ing in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【13答案：B】14. The students ________ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【14答案：C】2) 在“被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)”情況中出題：15. __________ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. Wear C. Dressed in D. Dressing 【15答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示動(dòng)作時(shí)，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已經(jīng)演變成形容詞，本是其實(shí)可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而來的。)16. _______ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【16答案：D】 （Sit是動(dòng)詞，這里應(yīng)該用sitting。 seat作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且這個(gè)詞一般用被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義。）3） 在“主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)”的情況中出題：17. ________ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking 【17答案：D】 （look在本題中不是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，而是感觀系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞在非謂語中用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。）18. With many problems ________ ________ , the newly selected president will have a hard time.A. remain。 unsettled B. remaining。 unsettled C. remained 。 unsettling D. remained。 unsettling 【18答案：B】（用with開頭的部分在這里是一個(gè)介詞短語，不是句子，因此用非謂語，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，只能用主動(dòng)形式；problems與unsettle是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞unsettled.）19. Having some clothes ___________, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【19答案： A】（賓語補(bǔ)足語中的動(dòng)詞用非謂語動(dòng)詞；雖然衣服應(yīng)該是被洗，但是當(dāng)句子主語與不定式為主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，我們用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。） 20. _________ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.A. To write B