非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解(已修改)
2025-08-01 08:08 本頁面
【正文】 非謂語動(dòng)詞用法詳解動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(一)不定式 不定式由“ to十動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化．不定式可作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語．不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“ for十名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主語．不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用 it作形式主語．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作賓語．不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語。往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用 it作形式賓語．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶 to．但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶 to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞 but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞 do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶 to，否則要帶 to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 動(dòng)詞help之后，帶to或不帶to都可以。Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 請(qǐng)你幫我提一下這個(gè)衣箱好嗎？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她經(jīng)常幫助她媽媽打掃房子。 4)作定語．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞．例如：He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about． Please give me a knife to cut with． 但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去．例如： He had no money and no place to live. 注②當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同．試比較： A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎? (不定式 to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是 you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎? (不定式 to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的 me或難點(diǎn)someone else) 5)作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件．例如： I came here to see you．(目的) We were very excited to hear the news．(原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(結(jié)果)so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to do…adj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do:太...而不能....。非常...He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it. The ice is too thin to skate on.=The ice is not thick enough to skate on.He was too happy(情感adj.) to see his father.You can never too careful to cross the ...都不為過 To look at him, you would like him．(條件)
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