西方文化與禮儀復(fù)習(xí)資料(英文版)(已修改)
2025-05-12 18:35 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 西方文化與禮儀 復(fù)習(xí)I 名詞解釋 The Old Testament and The New Testament 舊約全書 和 新約全書 The Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man. The New Testament is about the doctrine (教義) of Jesus Christ. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man. The Middle ages中世紀(jì)In European history, the thousandyear period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century. Gothic哥特式建筑① The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.② It lasted from the mid12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.③ The Gothic was an outgrowth (豐富與發(fā)展) of the Romanesque.（羅馬式）挪亞方舟根據(jù)圣經(jīng)而來(lái)的故事。上帝看到人間充滿罪惡，要用洪水把世界毀滅，重新創(chuàng)造人類。他讓挪亞制造方舟，跟其他一些生物躲進(jìn)方舟，逃避洪水浩劫。洪水過(guò)后，天上出現(xiàn)彩虹，這是上帝告示人類，洪水不會(huì)再發(fā)，愿挪亞的子孫繁衍昌盛。 天主教 天主教是是基督教的主要宗派之一，又稱公教。在基督宗教的所有公教會(huì)之中，羅馬公教會(huì)的會(huì)眾最為龐大，占世界總?cè)丝?7%，因此“公教會(huì)”（天主教會(huì)）一詞往往指的是“與羅馬教宗共融的天主教會(huì)”，目前天主教會(huì)也是所有基督宗教的教會(huì)中最為龐大的教會(huì)。莎士比亞四大悲劇和四大喜劇四大悲劇 Hamlet（ 哈姆雷特）、Othello（奧瑟羅）、King Lear（李爾王）、Macbeth（馬克白）四大喜劇 是《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》》 A Midsummer Night39。s Dream《皆大歡喜》As you like it《第十二夜》Twelfth Night《威尼斯商人》The merchant of Venice文化中心主義 文化中心主義，英文是ethnocentrism，亦稱種族中心主義，指各個(gè)國(guó)家、各個(gè)民族都常有一種傾向，常易于將自己的生活方式、信仰、價(jià)值感、行為規(guī)范看成是最好的、是優(yōu)于其他人的。 文化進(jìn)化 文化進(jìn)化是指一個(gè)時(shí)間上持續(xù)的過(guò)程，這個(gè)過(guò)程具有累積性和進(jìn)步性，經(jīng)由次過(guò)程，文化現(xiàn)象便系統(tǒng)地組織起來(lái)發(fā)生變遷。進(jìn)化是社會(huì)內(nèi)部的發(fā)展引起的，如
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