【正文】 摘 要風(fēng)機(jī)是電廠鍋爐的主要輔助設(shè)備之一，其所消耗的電量約占電廠總發(fā)電量的2~3%。隨著用電量的不斷增長和能源問題的出現(xiàn)，電廠風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性越來越為人們所重視。因此，世界各國都在研究降低風(fēng)機(jī)電耗的方法。600MW電站鍋爐風(fēng)機(jī)采用離心式還是軸流式風(fēng)機(jī)，通過對性能和經(jīng)濟(jì)性，安裝等方面的比較。目前用于火力發(fā)電廠的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的高效離心式送、引風(fēng)機(jī)，在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中并未發(fā)揮出高效風(fēng)機(jī)的“高效”這個(gè)優(yōu)勢，而處于高效風(fēng)機(jī)低效運(yùn)行的狀況。究其原因，最根本的還不在于選型、風(fēng)機(jī)與管道系統(tǒng)性能的匹配以及安裝、維修等方面，而在于風(fēng)機(jī)的調(diào)這對電站鍋爐本身的效率和電廠的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有直接的關(guān)系，對風(fēng)機(jī)的安裝及維護(hù)也有重大的意義。我國從80年代初期就開始致力于發(fā)展600MW亞臨界機(jī)組,1985年從國外引進(jìn)的第1臺600MW機(jī)組在內(nèi)蒙古元寶山電廠投運(yùn)。隨后,又引進(jìn)了多臺亞臨界和超臨界機(jī)組,并采用引進(jìn)技術(shù)生產(chǎn)并投產(chǎn)了多臺600 MW熱力發(fā)電機(jī)組。運(yùn)行實(shí)踐表明,亞臨界和超臨界機(jī)組在技術(shù)上是成熟的,為我國研制超臨界機(jī)組積累了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。三大動(dòng)力集團(tuán)80年代末、90年代初開始了超臨界關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究工作。分別與國際上擁有先進(jìn)超臨界技術(shù)的公司進(jìn)行了廣泛的國際間技術(shù)交流與合作。石洞口二廠引進(jìn)600 MW超臨界機(jī)組,給上海發(fā)電機(jī)組制造業(yè)帶進(jìn)了超臨界機(jī)組部分的設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)。外高橋2900 MW分包制造,又掌握了超臨界關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。隨著引進(jìn)技術(shù)的消化、轉(zhuǎn)化,超臨界機(jī)組設(shè)備國產(chǎn)化的條件已逐步成熟。本文結(jié)合近年來大型鍋爐機(jī)組選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的風(fēng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)，針對分析當(dāng)該鍋爐分別采用入口導(dǎo)葉和雙速電機(jī)聯(lián)合調(diào)節(jié)的離心式風(fēng)機(jī)或動(dòng)葉調(diào)節(jié)的軸流式風(fēng)機(jī)，進(jìn)行其運(yùn)行和調(diào)節(jié)特點(diǎn)的分析。通過比較給出經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的風(fēng)機(jī)選型方案。關(guān)鍵詞：軸流；離心風(fēng)機(jī)；可靠性；運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)AbstractFan is the main power plant auxiliary equipment boilers, one of the electricity they consume a total power generating capacity accounts for about 2 ~ 3%. With growing electricity demand and energy problems, the plant running fan of the growing economic importance for the people. Therefore, all countries in the world to reduce the wind in the study of methods of mechanical and electrical consumption. 600MW power plant boiler using centrifugal blower or axial fan, through the performance and economy, parative installation. At present, domestic production of coalfired power plants for the efficient delivery of centrifugal, suction fan, not in the actual operation of play Fans of the highly efficient high performance of this advantage, and in the efficient running of the state of inefficient fan. The reason is not the most fundamental selection, fan and pipe system to match the performance and installation, maintenance and so on, but fans of the tune itself for power plant boiler power plant efficiency and costeffectiveness is directly related to, on the installation and maintenance of fans also have great significance. China from the early 80s began to develop 600MW subcritical units, introduced from abroad in 1985 the first unit 1 600MW power plant in Inner Mongolia and put into operation Yuanbaoshan. Later, the introduction of multiple subcritical and supercritical generating units, using the introduction of technology and production of more than 600 MW thermal generating units. Running practice shows that subcritical and supercritical unit is technically mature, for the development of supercritical units in China has accumulated valuable experience. The three major driving force for the Group at the end of the 8039。s, early 9039。s ultracritical study of key technologies. With the international advanced supercritical technology for a wide range of international technical exchange and cooperation. The introduction of Shidongkou Plant 600 MW supercritical generating units, generator sets to the Shanghai manufacturing supercritical generating units into the design and manufacture of technical parts. 2 900 MW Waigaoqiao submanufacturing, and mastered the key ponents of supercritical design technology. With the introduction of technology digestion, transformation, unit equipment supercritical conditions has been made to gradually mature.In this paper, a large boiler unit in recent years, economic and rational choice of fan systems, for analysis were used when the boiler entrance guide vane and the joint regulation of twospeed electric fan or the centrifugal rotor axial fan adjustment, operation and regulation of its characteristics analysis. By paring the fan is given a reasonable selection of the economic program. Key words：axial，centrifugal fan operating characteristics of the reliability of目 錄摘 要 IAbstract II目 錄 1第一章 緒論 2 2 2 2 2第二章 離心式與軸流式通風(fēng)機(jī)的工作原理及特性比較 4 4 三種型式風(fēng)機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)性能的比較 4 4第三章 600MW機(jī)組引風(fēng)機(jī)配置情況特點(diǎn)及系統(tǒng)簡述 7 7 7 7 8 8 9第四章 軸流引風(fēng)機(jī)內(nèi)部研究及經(jīng)濟(jì)性的比較 10 10 10第五章 600MW燃煤機(jī)組吸風(fēng)機(jī)選型的探討 13 風(fēng)機(jī)選型介紹 13 13 14 14 15 16第六章 軸流式與離心風(fēng)機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性比較 17 17 21結(jié) 論 24致 謝 25參考文獻(xiàn) 26第一章 緒論 離心風(fēng)機(jī)是依靠輸入的機(jī)械能，提高氣體壓力并排送氣體的機(jī)械，它是一種從動(dòng)的流體機(jī)械。離心風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)量大效率高、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)躁聲低、結(jié)構(gòu)完整便于維護(hù)拆裝方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。離心風(fēng)機(jī)廣泛用于工廠、礦井、隧道、冷卻塔、車輛、船舶和建筑物的通風(fēng)、排塵和冷卻；鍋爐和工業(yè)爐窯的通風(fēng)和引風(fēng)；空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備和家用電器設(shè)備中的冷卻和通風(fēng)；谷物的烘干和選送；風(fēng)洞風(fēng)源和氣墊船的充氣和推進(jìn)等。 軸流，就是與風(fēng)葉的軸同方向的氣流(即風(fēng)的流向和軸平行)，如電風(fēng)扇,空調(diào)外機(jī)風(fēng)扇就是軸流方式。軸流風(fēng)機(jī)又叫局部通風(fēng)機(jī)，是工礦企業(yè)常用的一種風(fēng)機(jī)，它的電機(jī)和風(fēng)葉都在一個(gè)圓筒里，外形就是一個(gè)筒形，用于局部通風(fēng)，管道加壓送風(fēng)等，所以很多客戶也叫圓筒風(fēng)機(jī)、管道風(fēng)機(jī)。安裝方便，通風(fēng)換氣效果明顯，安全，可以接風(fēng)筒把風(fēng)送到指定的區(qū)域． 離心式風(fēng)機(jī)的調(diào)節(jié)方式和調(diào)節(jié)性能離心式風(fēng)機(jī)的調(diào)節(jié)方式一般有3種，即進(jìn)口擋板調(diào)節(jié)、進(jìn)口導(dǎo)葉調(diào)節(jié)和變轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)。進(jìn)口擋板調(diào)節(jié)是最簡單的調(diào)節(jié)方式，也是最不經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)節(jié)方式。它是在低負(fù)荷時(shí)用減小擋板開度的辦法進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。在減小擋板開度時(shí)并不能改變風(fēng)機(jī)的流量E壓頭特性曲線，而是人為的增加通道阻力。擋板調(diào)節(jié)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性很差，所以一般不采用這種調(diào)節(jié)方式。進(jìn)口導(dǎo)葉調(diào)節(jié)是通過改變風(fēng)機(jī)入口的氣流方向來改變風(fēng)機(jī)的特性曲線。離心式風(fēng)機(jī)的這種調(diào)節(jié)方式只能向著流量和壓頭減小的單方向調(diào)節(jié)。這也使風(fēng)機(jī)的效率降低，但與進(jìn)口擋板