【正文】 濟南新航道學校 IELTS READING雅思閱讀 高分必備習題集注：本習題集僅供濟南新航道內(nèi)部學員使用，嚴禁翻印，傳閱。 Contents 1. Amateur naturalist 業(yè)余自然學家（P3）2. Communicating Styles and Conflict 交流的方式與沖突(P6)3. Health in the Wild 野生動物自愈.(p10)4. The Rainmaker 人工造雨(P13)5. ShoemakerLevy 9 Collision with Jupiter 舒梅克彗星撞木星(P16)6. A second look at twin studies 雙胞胎研究(P19)7. Transit of Venus 金星凌日(P22)8. Placebo Effect—The Power of Nothing安慰劑效應(P25)9. The origins of Laughter 笑的起源(P29)10. Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集(P32)11. Serendipity:The Accidental Scientists科學偶然性(P36)12. Terminated! Dinosaur Era! 恐龍時代的終結(jié)(P40)13. TV ADDICTION 電視上癮(P43)14. EI nino and Seabirds 厄爾尼諾和水鳥(P46)15. The extinct grass in Britain 英國滅絕的某種草(P50)16. Education philosophy教育的哲學(P53)17. The secret of Yawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)18. consecutive and simultaneous translation交替?zhèn)髯g和同聲傳譯(P60)19. Numeracy: can animals tell numbers?動物會數(shù)數(shù)么？(P63)20. Going nowhere fast(P66)21. The seedhunters種子收集者(P69)22. The conquest of Malaria in Italy意大利征服瘧疾(P72)78 I will persist until I succeed!READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20minutes on Questions 2740 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.文章背景：業(yè)余自然學家主要講述的是有一些人，平時喜歡觀察自然界的植物生長，養(yǎng)蜂過程，氣候變化，等等與大自然相關(guān)的變化并且做記錄得到一些數(shù)據(jù)，這種數(shù)據(jù)叫做“amateur data”. 本文主要介紹業(yè)余自然學家以及一些專業(yè)自然學家探討業(yè)余自然學家的數(shù)據(jù)是否能用，以及應該如何使用這些自然學家的數(shù)據(jù)，其可信度有多少等問題。Amateur NaturalistsFrom the results of an annual Alaskan betting contest to sightings of migratory birds, ecologists are using a wealth of unusual data to predict the impact of climate change.A Tim Sparks slides a small leatherbound notebook out of an envelope. The book’s yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. He adds it to his growing pile of local journals, birdwatchers’ list and gardening diaries. “We’re uncovering about one major new record each month,” he says, “I still get surprised.” Around two centuries before Coates, Robert Marsham, a landowner from Norfolk in the east of England, began recording the life cycles of plants and animals on his estate when the first wood anemones flowered, the dates on which the oaks burst into leaf and the rooks began nesting. Successive Marshams continued piling these notes for 211 years.B Today, such records are being put to uses that their authors could not possibly have expected. These data sets, and others like them, are proving invaluable to ecologists interested in the timing of biological events, or phenology. By bining the records with climate data, researchers can reveal how, for example, changes in temperature affect the arrival of spring, allowing ecologists to make improved predictions about the impact of climate change. A small band of researchers is bing through hundreds of years of records taken by thousands of amateur naturalists. And more systematic projects have also started up, producing an overwhelming response. “The amount of interest is almost frightening,” says Sparks, a climate researcher at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Monks Wood, Cambridgeshire.C Sparks first became aware of the army of “closet phenologists”, as he describes them, when a retiring colleague gave him the Marsham records. He now spends much of his time following leads from one historical data set to another. As news of his quest spreads, people tip him off to other historical records, and more amateur phenologists e out of their closets. The British devotion to recording and collecting makes his job easier one man from Kent sent him 30 years’ worth of kitchen calendars, on which he has noted the date that his neighbour’s magnolia tree flowered.D Other researchers have unearthed data from equally odd sources. Rafe Sagarin, an ecologist at Stanford University in California, recently studied records of a betting contest in which participants attempt to guess the exact time at which a specially erected wooden tripod will fall through the surface of a thawing river. The petition has taken place annually on the Tenana River in Alaska since 1917, and analysis of the results showed that the thaw now arrives five years earlier than it did when the contest began.E Overall, such records have helped to show that, pared with 20years ago, a raft of natural events now occur earlier across much of the northern hemisphere, from the opening of leaves to the return of birds from migration and the emergence of butterflies from hibernation. The data can also hint at how nature will change in the future. Together with models of climate change, amateurs’ records could help guide conservation. Terry Root, an ecologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, has collected birdwatchers’ counts of wildfowl taken between 1955 and 1996 on seasonal ponds in the American Midwest and bined them with climate data and models of future warming. Her analysis shows that the increased droughts that the models predict could halve the breeding populations at the ponds. “The number of waterfowl in North America will most probably drop significantly with global warming,” she says.F But not all professionals are happy to use amateur data. “A lot of scientists won’t touch them, they say they’re too full of problems,” says Root. Because different observers can have different ideas of what constitutes, for example, an open snowdrop. “The biggest concern with ad hoc observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken,” says Mark Schwartz of the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who studies the interactions between plants and climate.” We need to know pretty precisely what a person’s been observing if they just say ‘I note when the leaves came out’, it might not be that useful,” Measuring the onset of autumn can be particularly problematic because deciding when leaves change colour is a more subjective process than noting when they appear.G Overall, most phenologists are positive about the contr