【正文】 論文題目 ： GPS RTK 技術(shù)在高速公路外業(yè)測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用研究 本 科 生 ：朱威宇 指導(dǎo)教師：楊永崇 摘 要 根據(jù)高等級(jí)公路勘測(cè)的特點(diǎn)與要求 , 論述應(yīng)用 GPS 衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)進(jìn)行公路初測(cè)控制測(cè)量的方法 , 主要對(duì)高等級(jí)公 路外業(yè)測(cè)量中平面控制測(cè)量、高程控制測(cè)量、地形測(cè)量、路線定線與放樣 、中樁測(cè)量及斷面測(cè)量的內(nèi)容、要求及測(cè)量方法進(jìn)行介紹。探討 GPS RTK技術(shù)在公路測(cè)量中使用的技術(shù)水平和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 , 不僅可以提高路線勘測(cè)速度 , 而且對(duì)高速公路外業(yè)測(cè)量技術(shù)具有一定指導(dǎo)作用。 關(guān)鍵字 ： GPS RTK，布網(wǎng)， 放樣，地形圖測(cè)繪， 縱橫 斷面測(cè)量 Subject : the application research of GPS RTK technology in the highway field measurement Name : Zhu Weiyu Instructor : Yang Yongchong ABSTRACT Highgrade highways in accordance with the characteristics and requirements of the investigation, on the application of GPS satellite positioning technology for the early road test of the method of control measurements, the main highway outside the industry for measuring the controlplane measurement, measurement of height control, topographic survey, route alignment and lofting, in the pile crosssection measurement and measurement of the content, requirements and measurement methods are introduced. Discussion on GPS RTK technology in the use of road measuring the technological level and the development of the status quo, not only can improve the speed of route survey and field measurement of the highway has a guiding role in technology. Keyword: GPS RTK, cloth , lofting, topographic mapping, vertical and horizontal crosssection measurement 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ....................................................................................................................................3 研究背景 ............................................................................................................................4 研究的目的與意義 ..............................................................................................................4 第二章 高速公路測(cè)量的主要內(nèi)容 ....................................................................................................6 高速公路工程的測(cè)量?jī)?nèi)容 ..................................................................................................6 平面控制測(cè)量 ....................................................................................................................6 高程控制測(cè)量 ....................................................................................................................7 線路的初測(cè) ......................................................................................................................9 線路的定測(cè) .................................................................................................................... 11 第三章 GPS 在 高速公路測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用 ............................................................................................. 16 GPS 全球定位系統(tǒng)概述 ................................................................................................... 16 GPS 系統(tǒng)的組成及特點(diǎn) ......................................................................................... 16 絕 對(duì)定位與相對(duì)定位 ............................................................................................. 18 動(dòng)態(tài)定位與靜態(tài)定位 ............................................................................................. 18 GPS 的控制測(cè)量 ............................................................................................................. 19 常規(guī)測(cè)量方法的缺陷 ............................................................................................. 19 高速公路 GPS 網(wǎng)的技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 19 GPS 在高速公路測(cè)量中的外業(yè)實(shí)施 ................................................................................. 21 路線 GPS 網(wǎng)的布網(wǎng)選點(diǎn)原則 ................................................................................. 21 外業(yè)觀測(cè) ............................................................................................................. 22 第四章 RTK 在高速公路測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用 ............................................................................................. 25 4． 1 概述 ................................................................................................................................... 25 4． 2 RTK 測(cè)量的特點(diǎn) .......................................................................................................... 26 4． 3 RTK 在高速公路測(cè)量中的應(yīng)用 ..................................................................................... 27 4． 3． 1 繪制大比例尺地形圖 ........................................................................................ 27 4． 3． 2 道路中線放樣 .................................................................................................. 27 4． 3． 3 道路的橫、 縱斷放樣和土石方量計(jì)算 ............................................................. 27 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換與高程計(jì)算 .................................................................................................... 28 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換 ............................................................................................................. 28 高程系統(tǒng)與高程轉(zhuǎn)換 ............................................................................................. 29 第五章 工程實(shí)例應(yīng)用 .................................................................................................................... 30 測(cè)區(qū)位置及概況 ............................................................................................................. 30 首級(jí) GPS 平面控制網(wǎng)的布設(shè) ........................................................................................... 30 RTK 施工測(cè)量 ................................................................................................................. 32 第六章 總結(jié)與展望 ....................................................................................................................... 34 致 謝 ............................................................................................................................................ 35 參考文獻(xiàn)： ................................................................................................................................... 36 第一章 緒論 研究背景 按 19