【正文】 . . . . .Unit 1 Engineering Drawing一、New Words:Coordinate system :The basic of all input AutoCAD is the Cartesian coordinate system, and the various method of input(absolute or relative) rely on this system.Coordinate value ： 坐標(biāo)值Cartesian coordinate axes ：笛卡爾坐標(biāo)軸Perpendicularly：垂直地Projection：投影Orthographic projection：正投影 coordinate systemCAD = puteraided designFixed: firmly in position 。 stationaryLocate: vt. To determine the position ofPositive and negative : Illustrate : to explainDrafting : n. 制圖 Types of ViewsAuxiliary: 輔助視圖Detail: n. 詳圖；局部Derived :取得；由來(lái)Scaling :enlarge scaleClarification :to make clear Planar: towD drawingCrosssection: 橫截面Datum plane: 基準(zhǔn)面Fig. 13:Brush with spring：F帶彈簧的電刷Handle:手柄Needle bearing：滾針軸承Retaining ring：擋圈Chuck spacer: 夾頭襯片Key:銷Symmetrical：對(duì)稱的Configuration:：結(jié)構(gòu) Multiview drawing engineering drawing is an abstract universal language used to represent a designer’s idea to otherHome work:Page 9: Exercise: 1. fill the blanks with a proper word according to the text. 二、Technical ReadingThe following diagram shows what happens in a displacer type Stirling engine during one working cycle.A . The power piston is in its lowest and the displacer in its highest position. All the working gas is in the cold space.B . The displacer is still in its highest position. But the power piston has gone up and pressed the gas in the cold space.C . The power piston is now in its upper position and the displacer has pushed the gas through the cooler, the regenerator, and the heating pipes into the hot space.D . The hot gas is being expanded, and hest energy is being transformed into mechanical energy as the displacer and the power piston are pushed down into their lowest positions. The piston will stay there while the displacer rises and pushes the gas through the heating pipes, regenerator and cooler into the cold space__and we are back where we started.Words:Diagram： 圖表 Position：位置Stirling: 斯特林（音譯）Displacer: 置換器Piston: 活塞Regenerator:蓄熱器Cooler：冷卻器Expand：膨脹As：隨之hest energy：熱能mechanical energy：機(jī)械能譯文：置換器型斯特林發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作循環(huán)如下所示：A． 置換器在最高位，動(dòng)力活塞在最低位。所有的工作氣體在冷空間；B． 置換器不動(dòng)，動(dòng)力活塞上升并擠壓冷空間的氣體；C． 動(dòng)力活塞到達(dá)最高位，置換器下移，推動(dòng)氣體經(jīng)過冷卻器、蓄熱器、和加熱管進(jìn)入熱空間；D． 熱氣膨脹，熱能轉(zhuǎn)變成機(jī)械能，隨之動(dòng)力活塞和置換器到達(dá)最低位。動(dòng)力活塞不動(dòng)，置換器上升推動(dòng)氣體經(jīng)過加熱管、蓄熱器和冷卻器進(jìn)入冷空間——回到起點(diǎn)。三、Grammar概 論（一）什么是翻譯？機(jī)械工程英語(yǔ)翻譯的困難主要存在于正確理解原文的含義和用確切的漢語(yǔ)文句準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的含義兩個(gè)方面。譯者除必須是有較好的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，較高的漢語(yǔ)修養(yǎng)，較為豐富的機(jī)械工程專業(yè)知識(shí)外，還必須懂得翻譯的理論技巧和方法。本課將介紹翻譯機(jī)械工程英語(yǔ)著作的基本理論知識(shí)，技巧和方法，幫助同學(xué)們提高翻譯水平和質(zhì)量。（二）英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的對(duì)比。一般特點(diǎn)（翻譯的習(xí)慣，語(yǔ)序，省略）（1）When a=0,Eq(141) shows that the pressure is Zero.由式141可知，a=0時(shí)壓力為零。（用when that 連接子句）Eq—eq=equatier 方程式、等式（2）It frequently happens, in the case of plane stress, that the two principal stresses ?1 and ?2 have the same sign.平面應(yīng)力的兩個(gè)主壓力?1和?2的符號(hào)往往相同。（用介詞in, of和連詞and連接詞（組），用that 引主語(yǔ)從句）詞匯現(xiàn)象。Phrase英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在詞的意義搭配和詞序等詞匯現(xiàn)象上也存在著差別。（1）詞的意義①英語(yǔ)詞匯和漢語(yǔ)詞匯在詞義的對(duì)應(yīng)有三種不同的情況。First, 英漢詞義對(duì)等：如：gear teeth 齒輪輪齒 stress strain diagram 壓力—應(yīng)變圖bolted connection 螺栓聯(lián)接maximum bending moment 最大彎矩②second 英漢詞義部分對(duì)應(yīng)，即兩者在詞義所概括的范圍上不同，如 gear 既可專指“齒輪”，又可泛指任何類型的“傳動(dòng)裝置”。而 pinion 則專指“小齒輪”。③在不同場(chǎng)合下，同一漢語(yǔ)采用不同英語(yǔ)詞匯。“特性”一詞舉例。(1) In fact, many motors do have a nearly constant torquespeed characteristic during starting. Characteristic: 特性，特征Behavior : 機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，性能Constant : 固定的，不變的，常量。事實(shí)上，許多電動(dòng)機(jī)在啟動(dòng)時(shí)的扭矩—轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)特性幾乎不變。（2）Tolerances cover dimensional variation and sunfaceroughness range and also the variation in mechanical properties resulting from heat treatment and other processing operations.公差這個(gè)概念包括尺寸偏差范圍和表面粗糙度范圍，也包括由熱處理和其它處理操作所引起的機(jī)械特性的變化。(3) These cams perform such important function in many cases that the behavior of the entire machine is dependent upon the design of the cam motion.這些凸輪起著相當(dāng)重要的作用，在許多情況下，整臺(tái)機(jī)器的特性都取決于凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)。④The thind 一個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞所表達(dá)的意義與幾個(gè)具有不同的詞義的漢語(yǔ)詞分別對(duì)應(yīng)：Shaft 軸、箭、長(zhǎng)柄、樹干；Power 電源、功率、動(dòng)力、乘方、國(guó)家；Cutter 刀具、銳刀、刀盤、切斷機(jī)；Shaping 刨削、成形；Joint 接頭、軸節(jié)、聯(lián)接；⑤此外，英詞還有些尚無(wú)確定的譯法，主要指新詞，如aerospace一詞。Aerospace “航空宇宙”“航空公司”“宇宙空間”“航天”Hydraulic motor ： “液壓電機(jī)”“液壓馬達(dá)”（2） 詞的搭配 由于思維方式和語(yǔ)言形成過程的不同，英漢在同一搭配上存在著較大的差別， n / v和n的搭配上 如 build 原義“建造” “建設(shè)” “構(gòu)造” “造型”而當(dāng)build ，應(yīng)有不同的譯法。Build a house 蓋房 Build a car 制造汽車Build a ship 造船 Build a railway 修筑鐵路Build a bridge 架橋 Build a dam 筑壩Build a fire 生火 Heavy 沉重的 ，重型的 ，重的，大量的。 Heavy load 重載 heavy storm 大風(fēng)暴Heavy machine 重型機(jī)械 heavy crops 豐收Heavy current 強(qiáng)電流 heavy task 繁重的任務(wù)Heavy wire 粗淺 heavy traffic 擁擠的交通Heavy fire 強(qiáng)烈的炮火Unit 2 Mechanical Components一、New words : Shaftssolid shaft: 實(shí)心軸flexible shaft: 柔性軸cylindrical:圓柱形的bar:棒deliver:傳遞arrangement:安裝、裝配radii： pl . radius半徑plain transmission:普通的傳送裝置s