【正文】 專題3 名詞性從句【專題要點(diǎn)】名詞性從句考點(diǎn)概覽：； ；； ； ； ； ； ?！究季V要求】考綱明確要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中應(yīng)該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法；一些易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；句子的語序、否定前移；名詞性從句和定語從句、狀語從句的辨析等?！局R網(wǎng)絡(luò)】 名詞性從句的用法在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：1. 從屬連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）　以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分2. 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever, whomever3. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why　不可省略的連詞：　1. 介詞后的連詞　2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。二. 具體分類主語從句 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布?！∮袝r(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句 （2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句 （4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句1. 真可惜我們不能去游泳. It is a pity that we can’t go swimming. 2. 碰巧那天我外出了. It happened that I was out that day. 3. 他考試肯定會考好. It is certain that he will do well in the exam. 4. 據(jù)說他已告訴了她一切. It is said that he told her everything. 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…訓(xùn)練1：用 it 句型翻譯:據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材. It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text 事實(shí)是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù). It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了. It happened that they had had their military training.眾所周知, 比爾 is wellknown that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要. It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能省；（2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意1：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。The mander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。注意2：that 從句只跟在 except, but, in ,besides, save五個(gè)介詞后面 介詞后面不用if 和which訓(xùn)練：改錯1. The Swede stood still, except that his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with that she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks of that she can do more for the class.4. He wrote a letter of thanks to that helped him. 5. It depends on if we have enough time6. Are you sorry for which you have done?注意3: 賓語從句經(jīng)常作表語形容詞的賓語此類表語形容詞有: afraid, pleased, happy, satisfied, anxious, sure, surprised, certain, glad, aware1. I’m afraid (that ) I’ll be late. 2. We were surprised that he lost the game.注意4: consider find think feel make 等動詞常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語,這時(shí)要用形式賓語 it ,賓語從句放到賓補(bǔ)之后I consider that we should learn English well necessary. I consider it necessary that we should learn English well2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；