【正文】 1 / 66ZL50 型裝載機(jī)發(fā)動機(jī)常見故障排除與診斷The ZL50 loader engine troubleshooting and diagnosis摘要裝載機(jī)是一種主要用于向另一種機(jī)械（自卸車、輸送皮帶、鐵路運(yùn)輸車輛等）“裝載”物料的建設(shè)機(jī)械（工程車輛）設(shè)備。裝載機(jī)主要用于向卡車裝載物料，以及鋪設(shè)管道、清理碎石和挖土等工作。作為挖土作業(yè)裝載機(jī)不是最有效的機(jī)械，與挖掘機(jī)不同，裝載機(jī)不適用于輪胎支承面以下較深處的挖掘作業(yè)。裝載機(jī)的深底鏟斗一般可裝載 3～6 立方米的土壤。鏟斗前置裝載機(jī)的斗容量遠(yuǎn)大于挖掘裝載機(jī)的斗容量。裝載機(jī)不屬于鏟土運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，因其主要用途并非土方運(yùn)輸。關(guān)鍵詞：裝載機(jī)、發(fā)動機(jī)、活塞、變速箱 Keyword: loaders engine piston gearbox2 / 661 / 66目錄第一章緒論 ................................................................................................................................................1 裝 載 機(jī) 行 業(yè) 的 發(fā) 展 .......................................................................................................................2 中 國 裝 載 機(jī) 行 業(yè) 的 發(fā) 展 ....................................................................................................2 輪 式 裝 載 機(jī) 的 發(fā) 展 趨 勢 ......................................................................................................3 裝載機(jī)的分類 ..................................................................................................................................4 裝載機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 ..........................................................................................................................5 主要部件 ..................................................................................................................................6 工作裝置 ..................................................................................................................................6 裝載機(jī)特殊工作裝置 ..............................................................................................................7第二章 ZL50 型裝載機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu) 和原理 ........................................................................................................9 組成與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) ..............................................................................................................................9 發(fā)動機(jī)的啟動與停止 ....................................................................................................................12 裝載機(jī)主要參數(shù)總體幾何參數(shù) ....................................................................................................13第三章 ZL50 型裝 載機(jī)發(fā)動機(jī)故障診斷與修復(fù) ...................................................................................19 起動困難診斷與修復(fù) ....................................................................................................................19 發(fā)動機(jī)在冬季起動為什么更困難 ........................................................................................19 發(fā)動機(jī)起動時可以轉(zhuǎn)動，不能起動（無煙）的診斷與處理 ............................................20 發(fā)動機(jī)熱起動困難的診斷與處理 ........................................................................................21 發(fā)動機(jī)起動時，曲軸不能轉(zhuǎn)動的機(jī)械故障診斷與修復(fù) ....................................................22 從排氣管排煙情況診斷發(fā)動機(jī)故障與排除 ................................................................................24 發(fā)動機(jī)起動困難或不能起動，排氣管大量排白煙的診斷與處理 ....................................24 發(fā)動機(jī)起動困難或不能起動，排氣管大量冒灰白煙的診斷與處理 ................................24 發(fā)動機(jī)起動困難或不能起動，排氣管大量冒黑煙的診斷與處理 ....................................25 發(fā)動機(jī)低速正常且有短時高速，排煙過少的診斷與處理 ................................................26 發(fā)動機(jī)低速正常但無高速，排煙過少的診斷與修理 ........................................................26 發(fā)動機(jī)動力不足，排灰白煙的診斷與處理 ........................................................................27 發(fā)動機(jī)動力不足，排濃黑煙的診斷與處理 ........................................................................28 發(fā)動機(jī)動力不足，排藍(lán)煙的診斷與處理 ............................................................................29 從速度和聲音診斷發(fā)動機(jī)的故障與排除 ....................................................................................30 發(fā)動機(jī)無怠速的診斷與處理 ................................................................................................30 怠速過高的診斷與處理 ........................................................................................................31 怠速不穩(wěn) ................................................................................................................................32 發(fā)動機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中突然熄火 ........................................................................................................33 發(fā)動機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中緩慢熄火 ........................................................................................................332 / 66 發(fā)動機(jī)工作粗暴 ....................................................................................................................34 發(fā)動機(jī)“游車” ....................................................................................................................35 發(fā)動機(jī)“飛車”時的應(yīng)急措施及處理方法 ........................................................................37 發(fā)動機(jī)抖動 ............................................................................................................................3發(fā)動機(jī)不能熄火 ...............................................................................................................39 發(fā)動機(jī)異響的故障診斷與排除 ....................................................................................................39 活塞敲缸 ................................................................................................................................40 活塞環(huán)異響 ............................................................................................................................41 活塞銷異響 ............................................................................................................................42 連桿軸承異響 ........................................................................................................................42 曲軸軸承異響 ........................................................................................................................44 拉缸響 ....................................................................................................................................44 發(fā)動機(jī)著火敲擊聲 ................................................................................................................45 氣門腳響 ...................................................................................................