20xx年6月大學(xué)英語六級真題、譯文及詳細(xì)解析(仔細(xì)閱讀卷二)(已修改)
2025-04-18 07:32 本頁面
【正文】 2018年6月大學(xué)英語六級考試仔細(xì)閱讀真題解析（卷二）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, mentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household ine rose by % in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and inplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and pensation like employerprovided health insurance。 and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, ine data exclude important determinants of economic well being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that ine.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more prehensive than average ine, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The JonesKlenow method can be illustrated by a crosscountry example. Suppose we want to pare the economic welfare of citizens of the . and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the ., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that parison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours。 they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like。 and ine and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the . Because of these differences, paring France’s consumption with the .’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to pare the . and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of . levels, but estimates Mexican wellbeing at 22%.The JonesKlenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the earlytomid2000s, the . had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the . has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the JonesKlenow research is that economic welfare is multidimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important qualityof lif
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