【正文】 會(huì)計(jì)英語(yǔ)1－10課Text 1 Accounting and Its EnvironmentDevelop an accounting vocabulary for decision making. Accounting is a system for measuring, processing, and municating financial information. As the “l(fā)anguage of business,” accounting helps a wide range of decision makers. Accounting dates backs to ancient civilizations, but its importance to society has been greatest since the Industrial revolution.Apply accounting concepts and principles to analyze business transactions. The three basic forms of business organization are the proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. Whatever the form, accountants use the entity concept to keep the business’s records separate from the personal records of the people who run it. Accountants at all levels must be ethical to serve their intended purpose. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) guide accountants in their work. Among these guidelines are the entity concept, the reliability principle, the cost principle, the goingconcern concept, and the stablemonetaryunit concept.Use the accounting equation to describe an organization’s financial position. In its most mon form, the accounting equation is Assets=Liabilities + Owner’s Equity.Use the accounting equation to analyze business transactions. Transactions affects a business’s assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity. Therefore, transactions are analyzed in terms of their effect on the accounting equation.Prepare the financial statements. The financial statements municate information for decision making by the entity’s managers, owners, and creditors and by government agencies. The ine statement presents a video of the entity’s operations in terms of revenues earned and expenses incurred during a specific period. Total revenues minus total expenses equal net ine. Net ine or net loss answers the question, How much ine did the entity earn, or How much loss did it incur during the period? The statement of owner’s equity reports the changes in owner’s equity during the period. The balance sheet provides a photograph of the entity’s financial standing in terms of its assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity at a specific time. It answers the question, What is the entity’s financial position? The statement of cash flows reports the cash ing in and the cash going out during the period. It answers, Where did cash e from , and, Where did it go?Evaluate the performance of a business. High net ine indicates success in business。 net loss indicates a bad year.New words 11 / 11accounting 會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)，結(jié)算 measure 估量，衡量，計(jì)算process 初步分類，整理 apply to 把應(yīng)用于transaction 交易 principle 原理proprietorship 獨(dú)資企業(yè)，所有權(quán) partnership 合伙關(guān)系，合伙企業(yè)corporation 公司，企業(yè) entity 實(shí)體，統(tǒng)一的，權(quán)益ethical 合乎道德的 intended 預(yù)期的GAAP 普通會(huì)計(jì)原理 guideline 方針，指南entity concept 主體概念 reliability principal 可信性原則cost principal 成本原則 goingconcern concept 持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)概念stablemoneyunit concept 穩(wěn)定貨幣單位的概念 equation 等式 owner’s equity 投資者權(quán)益financial statement 財(cái)政報(bào)表 agency 機(jī)構(gòu)ine statement 損益報(bào)表 video 說(shuō)明revenues 總收入 incurrent 遭受minus 減去 balance sheet 資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，決算表indicate 表明，暗示 expenses 開支，消費(fèi)Text 2 Recording Business Transaction Define key accounting terms: account, ledger, debit, and credit. The account can be viewed in the form of the letter “T”. The left side of each Taccount is its debit side. The right side is its credit side. The ledger, which contains a record for each account, groups and numbers accounts by category in the following order: assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity (and its subparts, revenues and expenses). Apply the rules of debit and credit. Assets and expenses are increased revenues are increased by credits. Liabilities, owner’s equity, and revenues are increased by credits and decreased by debits. The side—debit or credit—of the account in which increases are recorded is that account’s normal balance. Thus the normal balance of assets and expenses is a debit, and the normal balance of liabilities, owner’s equity, and revenues is a credit. The Withdrawals account, which decreases owner’s equity, normal has a debit balance. Revenues, which are increases in owner’s equity, have a normal credit balance. Expenses, which are decreases in owner’s equity, have a normal debit balance. Record transactions in the journal. The accountant begins the recording process by entering the transaction’s information in the journal, a chronological list of all the business’s transactions. Post from the journal to the ledger. The information is then postedtransferredto the ledger accounts. Posting references are used to trace amounts back and forth between the journal and the ledger. Businesses list their account titles and numbers in a chart of accounts. Prepare a trial balance is a summary of all the account balance in the ledger. When doubleentry accounting has been done correctly, the total credits in the trial balance are equal. Set up a chart of accounts for a business. The first step in accounting is to set up the chart of accounts. Analyze transactions without a journal. Decision makers must often make decisions without a plete accounting system. They can analyze the transactions without a journal. We can now trace the flow of accounting information through these steps: Business Transaction224。 Source Documents 224。 Journal Entry 224。 Posting to Ledger 224。 Trial Balance.New wordsledger 分類帳 debit 記入借方的款項(xiàng)，借方assets 資產(chǎn) liabilities 債務(wù)subpart 分類 chronological 按時(shí)間順序的transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移 chart 圖表accountant 會(huì)計(jì)Text 3 Measuring Business Ine: the Adjusting Process Distinguish accrual basis accounting from cashbasis accounting. In accrualbasis accounting, business events are r