【正文】 閱讀理解之細節(jié)題輔導講義主 題閱讀理解之細節(jié)題及主旨題教學內容Step 1: 閱讀理解題命題特點 改革前的廣州中考英語試卷閱讀理解有20個小題，共40分。改革后增加了“閱讀填空”題型，分值增至45分。中考閱讀理解短文的題材廣泛，包括：史地、社會生活、科普知識、人物傳記等。體裁有記敘文、議論文、說明文、應用文。1. 記敘文以描述人或事及相關情景的發(fā)生和發(fā)展經(jīng)過。2. 說明文是對事物現(xiàn)象的說明或解釋。3. 議論文論證某一觀點是否正確，由論點、論據(jù)與論證構成。4. 應用文以廣告、信件等為主。從歷年中考真題來看，對細節(jié)題的考察比重明顯比較高，一般在1824分之間。閱讀主要考查點為事實詢問、主旨大意、推理判斷、根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義。隨分值提升，題目難度也有所提升。如有數(shù)字的加減、詞義辨析等。考生需要在采集信息的基礎上進行加工分析，才能得到正確的答案。 重點事實詢問（細節(jié)題），主旨大意，詞義猜測及指代題，推理判斷及排序題，句子理解；難點根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義，長難句的理解，主旨大意題既推理判斷；易錯點猜測詞義，主旨大意題；高頻考點事實詢問，推理判斷，主旨大意。 閱讀理解之細節(jié)題下面就各種閱讀理解題的題型舉例，談談解題方法。178。 1．細節(jié)題的設問方式： 此類題型的問題以what, who, which, when, where, how或why等詞引導，就文中某句、某段或某一具體細節(jié)設問并要求考生回答。如：1）特殊疑問詞提問類型How many ……？What/who/when/where/how/why ……?2）排序題類型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ?3）例證題類型The author gives the example in ……paragraph in order to ……4） 表唯一細節(jié)概念題類型：……the most / ~est …………the only ……5）True or NOT true 是非判斷類型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ……?2. 細節(jié)題解題方法：分步解讀：216。 我們讀完文章后，第一步工作就是審清題目。 第二步就是根據(jù)題目，定位文章了。 第三步就是仔細揣度文意，根據(jù)選項進行判斷了。 注意： 在做題過程中要學生劃出關鍵詞A. 事實節(jié)細題，There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big pany and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening. .As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day.( ) (1) How much money was the husband allowed to keep every day? A. Just enough to buy chocolates. B. Just enough to buy a sandwich. C. Just enough to buy his lunch in a restaurant. D. Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.筒析：這是一道典型的事實詢問題，因為它的答案可以直接從文段中找到。根據(jù)這段最后一句話，可以得知D為正確答案。解這類題的主要方法是：1）明確題意。2）尋找答案來源。3）找準關鍵詞。4）反復閱讀。此題要求學生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關系做簡單計算和推斷。如： In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the school gate every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 . to 7:00pm. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 . at weekends. The library will keep its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 .( ) (3) At which of the following times will the bus leave the school gate? A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00 B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30 C. 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 D. 8:00, 9:30, 11:00,12:30簡析：做此類題一要抓住有關的數(shù)據(jù)，二要從眾多的信息中找出哪些是有用的信息，三要抓住一些關鍵詞。注意文章中的第一句“…every hour on the half hour...”意思為校車每小時發(fā)一次，發(fā)車時間在每一小時的半點上。故B是正確答案。C 數(shù)字計算題數(shù)字計算題也是近幾年高考中?？嫉膬热荩祟愒囶}是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來細節(jié)事實，有的要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計算題可以是對年代的計算、月份的計算或比例的計算等。文章中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答此類試題的方法是先來理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確的答案。 …It was a very hot afternoon, and we decided to cool off in the river near my home. As we climbed down a small rocky hill toward the water, my boyfriend John suddenly started to shout then jumped into the water below. Peter and Mary quickly followed but I was too far away to jump. I was trapped…（2010年廣州市中考題，A篇）46. How many people went swimming that day? A. Two. B. Three C. Four D. FiveKey: CD. 排列順序題做這種題時可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一個事件和最后一個事件，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。典型例題The hardworking blacksmith Jones used to work all day in his son of Mr. Smith, a rich neighbor, used to e to see the blacksmith every day and for hours and hours he would enjoy himself watching how the tradesman worked.“Young man, why don’t you try your hand to learn to make shoe tacks (釘), even if it is only to pass the time?” said the blacksmith. “Who knows, one day, it may be of use to you.”The lazy boy began to see what he could do. But after a little practice he found that he was being very skilled and soon he was making some of the finest tacks.Old Mr. Smith died and the son lost all his things because of the war. He had to leave home and began to live a simple life in a small village in another country. In this village there were a lot of shoemakers who were spending a lot of money buying tacks for their shoes, and sometimes even when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country soldiers’ shoes were in great need.Our young Mr. Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks and had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers. He told them that he would make the tacks if they would help to get him settled in the workshop. The shoemakers were very glad for the offer. And after a while, Mr. Smith found that he was soon making the finest tacks in the village.“How funny it seems,” he used to say, “even making tacks can make my life better. My skill is more useful to me than all my riches that I’ve had before.”50. What is the right order of the events?a. Young Mr. Smith became a tack maker in the village.b. Young Smith learned the art of making tacks from Jones.c. Soldiers’ shoes were in great need during the ward. Young Smith had to move to another country. d a c B. d a b c d c a c a b 注： 做這一類排序題，可以分為b, d兩種開頭的排序，從文章中意思，可以排除B、D選項，在A、C選項中，a與c 看一看，根據(jù)文中信息，可以排除A項。 key: C E 判斷正誤【例1】“三錯一對”題Shopping on the Internet or shopping online is being more and more popular. More and more people are using the Internet to buy things. Why do people use the Internet to shop? Some people say it is more convenient. They don’t have to leave their homes to order something and they can shop for anything they want at any time, day or night. Some people say they can find things for sale that they can’t find in the stores near their homes. Other people say th