【正文】 Subjunctive Mood1. 語(yǔ)氣Mood語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)一事物和人的態(tài)度和看法。包括陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣三種。陳述語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。①Therearetwosidestoevery ②Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？ ③Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老師?。?祈使語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。① Neverbelateagain!再也不要遲到了。 ② Don’tforgettoturnoffthe虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。①I(mǎi)fIwereabird,Icouldflyinthe，我就能在空中飛行。 ②IwishIcouldpassthe ③Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來(lái)表達(dá)未能成為事實(shí)或者不可能成為事實(shí)的情況，或者在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況。此外還可用來(lái)表示命令、建議、設(shè)想、祝愿（或詛咒）等等，以及表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望。時(shí)間 從句謂語(yǔ)形式 主句謂語(yǔ)形式將來(lái)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)should + 動(dòng)詞原形were to + 動(dòng)詞原形would / should / might / could + 動(dòng)詞原形現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞would / should / might / could have + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have donecould have done 本來(lái)可以 might have done 本來(lái)可能 should / ought to have done 本來(lái)應(yīng)該做 shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不該做 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldn’t have told her the truth .needn’t have done 本不必做 比較：didn’t need to do 沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做 我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了 I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來(lái)會(huì)去做 (1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun.如果地球沒(méi)有引力，月球就會(huì)飛向太陽(yáng)。If I were/was you I would reconsider their proposal.我要是你，我就會(huì)重新考慮他們的建議。If it weren’t/wasn’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoor.要是現(xiàn)在不下雨，我們就不會(huì)呆在屋里。If the manager were/was here, he might make a decision.要是經(jīng)理在這兒，他也許會(huì)作出決定。(2)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.我要是早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身就趕上火車(chē)了。If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake.她要不是聽(tīng)了你的勸告，就要犯大錯(cuò)誤了。She would have e if she hadn’t been so busy.要不是太忙，她就來(lái)了。(3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，或?qū)?lái)不太可能發(fā)生，或說(shuō)話人主觀上不希望發(fā)生If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.要是我來(lái)作這件事，我會(huì)用另一種做法。If the rocket should fall in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.如果火箭幾秒鐘內(nèi)竟然向下墜落，那就一定會(huì)爆炸。If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again.萬(wàn)一他失敗，我們就鼓勵(lì)他再試一試。(4)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間非真實(shí)條件句 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間非真實(shí)條件句是指條件句與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致。因此，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式，其形式依據(jù)時(shí)間的不同仍然遵循表1給出的規(guī)則。例如：If we had set out earlier, we wouldn’t be walking in the rain.如果我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)在雨中走了。（從句發(fā)生在過(guò)去，主句發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在。）If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.如果你身體好些，我們就讓你和他們一道做這工作了。（從句發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在，主句發(fā)生在將來(lái)。）If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.如果我們到現(xiàn)在還未準(zhǔn)備好，明天就會(huì)有很多麻煩。（從句發(fā)生在過(guò)去，主句發(fā)生在將來(lái)。）(5)省略if的非真實(shí)條件句如果非真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)包括had, should, were三個(gè)詞，連接詞if可以省略。這時(shí)had, should, were要移到主語(yǔ)前面，形成倒裝。這種句型主要見(jiàn)于書(shū)面形式。例如：Had he not been ill, he might have e.要不是他生病了，他是會(huì)來(lái)的。Should she e here, we would discuss this matter with her.要是他來(lái)這兒的話，我們就和她討論這件事。Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way.要是我來(lái)做這件事，我會(huì)用另一種不同的方法。Were you not here, none of us would e.如果你們不在這兒，我們沒(méi)人會(huì)來(lái)。(6)用介詞短語(yǔ)表示假設(shè)條件有時(shí)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)做假設(shè)條件，以取代非真實(shí)條件句中的if從句。例如：Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.如果沒(méi)有空氣，就不會(huì)有風(fēng)或云。I would have succeeded with you help.如果有你的幫助，我本會(huì)成功。In that case we could have done the work better.如果是那樣的話，我們本可能把工作做得更好些的。But for the storm we would have been in time.要不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們?cè)緯?huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)（到達(dá)）的。3. 一些程序化了的必須或可能使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況在英語(yǔ)中，有些動(dòng)詞、短語(yǔ)、句型中，必須或可能要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，下面逐一說(shuō)明：（1）wish, if only, would rather, would sooner 后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish, if only, would rather, would sooner是指人們無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望表2. 從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式用 法動(dòng)詞形式表示當(dāng)時(shí)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望一般過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過(guò)去完成式表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性很小的愿望過(guò)去將來(lái)式（見(jiàn)表1）的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式基本相同。，如果詞語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，則一切人稱均可用were。但單數(shù)第一、三人稱也可用was?！駑ish后的從句 wish表示過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在未實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望，以及將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)不了或很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，可以翻譯成中文：“希望”、“真希望”、“要是…就好了”I wish I knew his address.真希望我知道他的地址。（愿望與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）I wish I were as young as you.我要是像你一樣年輕該多好。（愿望與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）She wish she knew how to drive the car.她希望她知道怎樣開(kāi)這輛車(chē)。（愿望與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反）We wish he hadn’t gone.我們真希望他沒(méi)有走。（愿望與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反）We wish we co