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虛 擬 語 氣知 識 框 架 1. 含有條件狀語從句的復合句 三大版塊 2. 賓語從句(1)wish+賓語從句虛 (2 ) suggest+賓語從句擬 3. 其它從句語 用過去式表現(xiàn)在情況氣 1. 時態(tài)后退型 用過去完成式表過去 兩種形式 用過去將來表將來 2. should+動詞原形型 內(nèi) 容 詳 述I. 含有條件狀語從句的復合句(以do為例。S=主語)時 間條件狀語從句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設If +S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…與過去事實相反的假設If +S+had done…S+would/should/could/might+have done…與將來事實相反的假設did…If+S should done were to doS+would/should/could/might+do…注意事項:1.倒裝句。如果條件句中含有功能詞had,should,were時,可以省去If,把功能詞提前,構成倒裝句。2.混合時間。若條件句和主句動作不存在同一個時間,則謂語形式應根據(jù)具體情況而定。3.If there weren39。t/had not been +…=without…4.If it were not for…/ If it hadn39。t been for…= but for…5.otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子6.虛擬語氣的句子,but+ 陳述事實的句子II. 賓語從句 sb. did …(希望現(xiàn)在用過去式) 1. wish+that done…(希望過去用過去完成式)(希望將來用過去將來)2. suggest+(that)S+should+do… 表示愿望、建議、請求等主觀意向的動詞之后的賓語從句,謂語用should +動詞原形,should常常省略。這類詞有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,remend,requested, require等。 注意:1. suggest 當“建議”講時,其賓語從句用虛擬語氣;當“表明”時,用陳述語氣 2. insist 當堅持“看法或建議”時,賓語從句用虛擬語氣;當堅持“某個事實”時,用陳述語氣3. 所有和以上動詞相關的從句均應該用虛擬語氣(1)在It is +過去分詞+that S+( should )+do…這類過去分詞有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,remended,requested, required等。 eg. It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening. (2) 在It is +名詞+that S+( should )+do… 這類名詞有:advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,motion,order,pity,preference,proposal,remendation, requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise, wish,wonder等。eg. It is my proposal that he ( should )be sent to study further abroad. (3)虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。 某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達形式為(should) +動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,remendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off. (4) 虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時,表語從句需用虛擬語氣,其表達形式為(should) +動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有(同3 中的名詞):advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,remendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. III. 其它從句(1) It is(about /high)time +that sth/should do sth.. eg. Don39。t you think it39。s about time we went home? 注:在this is the first time /second time that...句型中,從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。 this the first time that you have visited Hongkong? (2) as if(as though)引導的方式狀語從句中。 在as if(as though)引導的方式狀語從句中,常用虛擬語氣,其動詞形式與wish后接賓語從句中的形式相同。 eg. Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman. (3) 虛擬語氣用在lest,for fear that及in case引導的目的狀語從句中。 在由lest等引導的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其謂語動詞多由should +動詞原形構成,should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. (4) 虛擬語氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場合中,使用虛擬語氣。 shouldn39。t have been following him so closely;you should have kept your distance. (5) ...would rather sb. did sth. eg. I39。d rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning.(6) If only sb./sth. +時態(tài)后退型的謂語 eg. If only you were here with me right now.練習1 . I was ill that day, othe