英美概況各章節(jié)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)整理(已修改)
2024-11-04 15:14 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Section one： Origin of the English Nation The native Celts ? The Celtic tribes are ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish, and the Welsh. And the Celtic language is the basis of Welsh and Gaelic. ? Religion: Druidism. ? Stonehenge: the circular arrangement of large stones in Wiltshire, near Salisbury, England, was probably built between about 3000 and 1000 by Celts, but its function remains unknown. Roman Britain (55BC410AD) ? Romans got possession of England by driving native Celts into Scotland and Wales. They failed to conquer Scotland. They built two great walls: the Hadrian39。s Wall, the Antonine Wall, along the northern border of England to prevent Picts in Scotland from invading England. ? Many towns’ names end with: ster, cester, and shire. ., Lancaster, Winchester, Yorkshire, deriving from castra (Latin word for camp). ? Religion: Christianity. The AngloSaxon Conquest (446871)(mainly occupied the Lowland Zone) ? New invader: Jutes (now the county of Kent), became the king of Kent. Soon after their relat ives and other tribes came trooping after them—— ? It is a collective name for the seven Anglo—Saxon kingdoms from the 7th century to the 9th century. They are Kent, Essex, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia, Mercia and North Umbria. After the 9th century, the seven kingdoms were conquered one after another by the invading Danes. ? Saxons and Angles came from northern Germany. After they had taken possession of all the England, they were divided into 7 principal kingdoms, known as Heptarchy. those tribes were constantly at war with one another, each trying to get the upper hand.(hero: King Arthur) ? Religion: Teutonic, practicing multigoddism. Tiu(the god of war, Tuesday), Woden(heaven, Wednesday), Thor(storms, Thursday),Freya(peace, Friday) ? Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine to convert the English to Christianity. With the help of the king of Kent, he became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. ? The AS nominated local officials: sheriffs. ? Openfield farming system: 3 big fields+mons. This system is the basis of the English agrarian civilization and subsistence farming. ? Witan: the AS created the Witan (a group of wise man) to advice the king, the Witan was the forerunner of the presentday Privy Council. ? Alfred the Great: the father of the British Navy amp。 his writings were the beginning of prose literature. Made a treaty with DanesDane law. ? Viking invasions: in the 8th, 9th, 10th centuries . Vikings from North Europe, brought a new wave of invasion and colonization which produced lasting influence on parts of Briton. ? Canute: Witan chose the Danish leader, as king of England. he included England part of a Scandinavian empire(included Norway and Denmark) ? Edward the Confessor: built Westminster Abbey. The Norman Conquest (1066) ? William the Conqueror: the first AngloNorman king of England. ? Battle of Hastings: ? Influence of the Norman Conquest ? Feudalism: the nobles got fief, from the sovereign.
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