【正文】 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)題 目 石油管道過(guò)渡帶內(nèi)表面 缺陷檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí) 機(jī)自 1022 班 學(xué) 生 李文禎 學(xué) 號(hào) 20220421173 指導(dǎo)教師 馬玉真 二〇一四年五月十四日濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) I 摘 要現(xiàn)今石油和危險(xiǎn)氣體大都通過(guò)管道進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，而 80%的管道使用已接近 20 年或已超過(guò) 20 年，這些管道已進(jìn)入了故障頻發(fā)的壽命階段。對(duì)石油和危險(xiǎn)氣體運(yùn)輸管道的全面檢測(cè)成為如今管道安全的重要項(xiàng)目。管道的潛在故障基本都出現(xiàn)在其內(nèi)表面生，因此，對(duì)運(yùn)輸管道內(nèi)表面的檢測(cè)最為重要。對(duì)管道進(jìn)行內(nèi)檢測(cè)，對(duì)檢測(cè)到的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行及時(shí)的排出和檢修就能避免因管道自身問(wèn)題而引發(fā)的事故，減少財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。本設(shè)計(jì)就是通過(guò)機(jī)械設(shè)備對(duì)石油管道過(guò)渡帶的內(nèi)表面情況進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的檢測(cè)，達(dá)到及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，減少因管道問(wèn)題造成的不必要的損失。本設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)一種專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的檢測(cè)平臺(tái)將檢測(cè)傳感器以及攝像頭同時(shí)送入到石油管道過(guò)渡帶處，進(jìn)行細(xì)致的檢測(cè)。攝像頭跟隨傳感器的檢測(cè)將圖像信息實(shí)時(shí)傳輸?shù)诫娔X上顯示出來(lái)，這樣能更好的分析缺陷的程度和確定修復(fù)缺陷的方法。關(guān)鍵詞：石油管道；檢測(cè)平臺(tái)，傳感器濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II ABSTRACTPipelines transporting hazardous liquids and gases are the most safe and effective way . With the extension of hours of operation of the pipeline , the pipeline aging issues have bee increasingly prominent , the safe operation of the pipeline problem is getting people39。s attention . In China, most pipes are more than 20 years , has reached a high incidence of accidents , we must take appropriate measures to prevent accidents. Therefore , the implementation of the pipeline inspection, will be able to accurately grasp the situation inside the pipe , and in accordance with the appropriate preferred principles for some serious deficiencies or potential problems timely maintenance, pipeline accidents can be avoided , but also can greatly extend the life of the pipeline . The design is by mechanical equipment on the inner surface of the situation of the oil pipeline transitional detailed testing, to detect problems , reduce unnecessary losses due to problems caused by the pipeline . This design is detected by means of a specially designed platform will simultaneously detecting sensors and cameras at the transition into the oil pipeline , careful testing. Sensor detects camera will follow the realtime transmission of image information to be displayed on a puter method for repairing defects can better analyze the extent of such defects.Key words：Oil pipelines。 detection platforms, sensors濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) III 目 錄摘要……………………………………………………………..…….….…………….. .IABSTRACT…….………………………………….……………………..…………….II1 前言 ........................................................................................................................................................1 國(guó)內(nèi)外管道檢測(cè)技術(shù)發(fā)展情況 .........................................................................................1 管道內(nèi)表面檢測(cè)的必要性 ..................................................................................................1 管道內(nèi)表面檢測(cè)研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................2 超聲檢測(cè) ......................................................................................................................2 漏測(cè)檢測(cè) ......................................................................................................................3 渦流檢測(cè) ......................................................................................................................3 管道內(nèi)表面缺陷檢測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展前景 ..........................................................................32 石油管道過(guò)渡帶內(nèi)表面缺陷檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案 .................................................................4 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 ..................................................................................................................................4 檢測(cè)方案 ..................................................................................................................................4 測(cè)試系統(tǒng) ..................................................................................................................................5 數(shù)據(jù)處理 ..................................................................................................................................6 多點(diǎn)擬合法 ...............................................................................................................73 石油管道過(guò)渡帶內(nèi)表面缺陷檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................9 滾珠絲杠副的設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................................................9 滾珠絲杠副的主要尺寸 ..........................................................................................9 滾珠絲桿副精度等級(jí)以及標(biāo)注的方法 .............................................................10 滾珠絲桿副的選擇 .................................................................................................10 滾珠絲桿螺母副的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ........................................................................................11 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇 ............................................................................................