國家責任ppt課件(2)(已修改)
2025-01-29 16:49 本頁面
【正文】 國際法 第五章 國家責任 State Responsibility 第一節(jié) 概述 ? 一、國家責任的性質(zhì) ? 二、國家責任理論的發(fā)展和演變 ? The treatment of aliens ? Primary and secondary rules ? Crimes ＆ Delicts ? International wrongful act ? Serious breaches of obligations to the international munity as a whole ? 三、國際法委員會的編纂工作 ? 2022年《國家對國際不法行為的責任條款草案》 The treament of aliens ? The minimum international standard ? The calvo clause ? Legal principle, applicable in international disputes, that aliens have no more rights than the citizens of a sovereign state. Therefore, such disputes lie within the purview of the domestic laws and only the courts in the host country have the jurisdiction to hear the case. This doctrine is an integral part of many national constitutions and treaties (specially in Latin America) and forms the basis of Calvo clause. Named after the Argentine diplomat and historian Carlos Calvo (18241906) who propounded it in his 1868 book 39。Derecho internacional te243。rico y pr225。ctico de Europa y Am233。rica.39。 See also Monroe doctrine. Secondary rules Primary rules what conditions a breach of a “primary rule” may be held to have occurred b. the legal consequences of this breach customary or treaty rules laying down substantive obligations for States ? Article 19 (the first reading in 1996) ? International crimes and international delicts ? 1. An act of a State which constitutes a breach of an international obligation is an internationally ? wrongful act, regardless of the subjectmatter of the obligation breached. ? 2. An internationally wrongful act which results from the breach by a State
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