【正文】 I 重型貨車制動系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計 摘 要 汽車作為陸地上的現(xiàn)代重要交通工具，由許多保證其性能的大部件，即所謂“總成”組成，制動系就是其中一個重要的總成 ，它直接影響汽車的安全性。隨著高速公路的快速發(fā)展和車流密度的日益增大，交通事故也不斷增加。據(jù)有關(guān)資料介紹，在由于車輛本身的問題而造成的交通事故中，制動系統(tǒng)故障引起的事故為總數(shù)的 45%?？梢?，制動系統(tǒng)是保證行車安全的極為重要的一個系統(tǒng)。此外，制動系統(tǒng)的好壞還直接影響車輛的平均車速和車輛的運(yùn)輸效率，也就是保證運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要因素。 制動系統(tǒng)既可以使行駛中的汽車減速，又可保證 停車后的汽車能駐留原地不動。由此可見，汽車制動系統(tǒng)對于汽車行駛的安全性，停車的可靠性和運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益起著重要的保證作用。 當(dāng)今，隨著高速公路網(wǎng)的不斷擴(kuò)展、汽車車速的提高以及車流密度的增大，對汽車制動系的工作可靠性要求顯得日益重要。只有制動性能良好和制動系工作可靠的汽車才能充分發(fā)揮出其高速行駛的動力性能并保證行駛的安全性。由此可見，制動系是汽車非常重要的組成部分，從而對汽車制動系的機(jī)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計計算也就顯得非常重要了。 本論文是設(shè)計東風(fēng)重型貨車的制動系統(tǒng)，采用的是氣壓驅(qū)動機(jī)構(gòu)的凸輪式鼓式制動器。為了安全考慮制動 系統(tǒng)的氣壓回路采用雙回路。 關(guān)鍵詞：氣壓制動；制動性；重型貨車；傳動裝置 ； II Abstract As an important modern landbased transport, Automotive ponents from many large parts ,namely, the socalled assembly which ensure the performance of automotive, and braking system which directly affects the safety of motor vehicles is one of the most important assembly. With the rapid development of highways and increased traffic density, traffic accidents are also increasing. According to the information on the vehicle itself as a result of problems caused by traffic accidents, the brake system failure caused the accident accounting for the total number of 45%. So braking system is an extremely important system to ensure traffic safety. In addition, the braking system has a direct impact on the quality of the average vehicle speed and vehicle transportation efficiency, that is, an important factor ensuring costeffective transport. It not only can slow down a moving vehicle, but also to ensure that the car can be fixed in situ after parking. This shows that the vehicle braking system plays an important role in traffic safety, the reliability of parking, and transport economic efficiency. Today, with everexpanding highway work, the improvement of vehicle speed and traffic density, on the work of automotive braking system relia bee increasingly important. Only vehicles which have good braking performance and reliable braking system can give full play to their highspeed dynamic performance and to ensure the safety of traveling. This shows that the braking system is a very important ponent of the vehicle, thus it’s very important to the analysis and design of brake system requirements Keywords: air brake。 Brake。 Heavy trucks。 Transmission device。 3 目 錄 1 緒論 ....................................................................................................................... 1 研究制動系統(tǒng)的意義 ........................................................................................ 1 制動系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ........................................................................................ 2 對汽車制動系統(tǒng)的展望 .................................................................................... 3 2 制動系的總體設(shè)計 ............................................................................................... 5 制動系的設(shè)計要求 ............................................................................................ 5 汽車參數(shù)的選擇 ................................................................................................ 7 制動器方案的選擇 ............................................................................................ 7 制動驅(qū)動機(jī)構(gòu)方案選擇 .................................................................................... 9 3 制動過程的動力學(xué)參數(shù)計算 ............................................................................. 12 制動過程車輪所受的制動力 ........................................................................... 12 制動距離與制動減速度計算 ........................................................................... 19 同步附著系數(shù)與附著系數(shù)利用率計算 ........................................................... 20 制動器的最大制動力矩 ................................................................................... 23 4 制動器的結(jié)構(gòu)及主要零部件設(shè)計 ..................................................................... 25 制動器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù) .......................................................................................... 25 制動鼓內(nèi)徑 D ............................................................................................... 25 摩擦襯片寬度 b包角 ? ................................................. 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 摩擦襯片起始角 o? ......................................................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 制動器中心到張開力 0F 作用線的距離 e ..................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 制動蹄支承點(diǎn)位置坐標(biāo) a 和 c ..................................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 摩擦片摩擦系數(shù) ........................................................................................... 27 鼓式制動器主要零部件的設(shè)計 ...................................................................... 28 制動蹄 ........................................................................................................... 28 制動鼓 ........................................................................................................... 28 摩擦襯片 ....................................................................................................... 29 制動底板 ....................................................................................................... 30 摩擦材料 ....................................................................................................... 30 蹄與鼓之間的間隙調(diào)整裝置 ....................................................................... 30 制動器支撐裝置 ........................................................................................... 32 凸輪式張開機(jī)構(gòu) ........................................................................................... 32 5 鼓式制動器的設(shè)計計算 ..................................................................................... 33 駐車制動能力的計算 ...................................................................................... 33 中央制動器的計算 .......................................................................................... 34 壓力沿襯片長度方向的分布規(guī)律 .................................................................. 35 計算蹄片上的制動力矩 ..........................................