【正文】 2005年11月份托福閱讀真題及答案Questions 110As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenthcentury, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs,vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.Along with market days, the institution of twiceyearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places towouldbe buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example,were popular items.Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the petition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Althoughgovernmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants39。 side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear inaddition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphia39。s merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did theycater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of thecourts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Philadelphia39。s agriculture importance(B) Philadelphia39。s development as a marketing center(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets(B) the High Street Market was forced to close(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) tradition(B) association(C) produce(D) region4. The word it in line 6 refers to(A) the crowded city(B) a radius(C) the High Street Market(D) the period5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) returned(B) started(C) declined(D) continued6. According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held(A) on the same day as market says(B) as often as possible(C) a couple of times a year(D) whenever the government allowed it7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia(D) could easily be transported8. The word eradicate in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) eliminate(B) exploit(C) organize(D) operate9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that economic development was on the merchants39。 side ?(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economicallysuccessful.10. The word undergoing in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) requesting(B) experiencing(C) repeating(D) includingQuestions 1122Avicolturists, people who raise birds for mercial sale, have not yet learnedhow to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continueto look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the(5) nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird39。s skin to the top portionof the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. Thistemperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction cancontribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirtare cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material.(10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottomsections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As thewater that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and isheated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubationenvironment(15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrotsand incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most mercial incubators heat theeggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird39。s method of naturalincubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks.When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors(20) to use as nests in which to place eggs. In a