【正文】 bryo (line 24)20. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather18. The word fatal in line 25 is closest inmeaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hotsincubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from thebottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom ofthe nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the topof the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on theeggshell15. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidityin the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of thenest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs13. According to paragraph 2, when thetemperature of the sides and bottom of the eggare cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance forsuccessful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg toa new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down nests provide informationuseful for artificial incubation. environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor inincubating parrots39。s skin to the top portionof the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. Thistemperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction cancontribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirtare cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material.(10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottomsections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As thewater that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and isheated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubationenvironment(15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrotsand incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most mercial incubators heat theeggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird39。10. The word undergoing in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) requesting(B) experiencing(C) repeating(D) includingQuestions 1122Avicolturists, people who raise birds for mercial sale, have not yet learnedhow to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continueto look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the(5) 9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that economic development was on the merchants39。7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia(D) could easily be transported5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) returned(B) started(C) declined(D) continued3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) tradition(B) association(C) produce(D) regions development as a marketing center(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphias merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did theycater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of thecourts of justice.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Philadelphia39。 side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in2005年11月份托福閱讀真題及答案Questions 110As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenthcentury, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as line fanners from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs,vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.Along with market days, the institution of twiceyearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places towouldbe buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example,were popular items.Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the petition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Althoughgovernmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants39。addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.One of the reasons Philadelphia39。s