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畢業(yè)設(shè)計--基于pic單片機的步進電機控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(已修改)

2025-01-24 22:27 本頁面
 

【正文】 山東科技大學(xué)泰山科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文 論文題目: 基于 PIC 單片機的步進電機控制系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計 年 級: 2022 專 業(yè): 機電一體化 姓 名: 宋啟明 學(xué) 號: 0942120220 指導(dǎo)教師: 荊剛 2022 年 5 月 20 日 I 摘 要 步進電機是一種將數(shù)字信號直接轉(zhuǎn)換成角位移或線位移的控制驅(qū)動元件,具有快速啟動和停止的特點。其驅(qū)動速度和指令脈沖能嚴(yán)格同步,能實現(xiàn)正反轉(zhuǎn)和平滑速度調(diào)節(jié),因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換,速度控制和位置控制系統(tǒng)。但是步進電機的驅(qū)動信號往往還是由專門的模擬芯片控制器或者信號發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生,缺乏靈活性和可靠性。尤其在一些智能化要求較高的場合,用模擬芯片及信號發(fā)生器來控制步進電機有一定的局限。而利用單片機進行脈沖控制,控制精度高,外圍電路 也比較簡單,因此在工業(yè)應(yīng)用場合,基于單片機的步進電機控制器應(yīng)用廣泛。 本設(shè)計采用 PIC 系列單片機作為步進電機控制系統(tǒng)的核心,實現(xiàn)了軟件與硬件相結(jié)合的控制方法。用軟件代替脈沖分配器,達到了對步進電機的最佳控制。采用單極性驅(qū)動電路對小功率步進電機進行驅(qū)動,電路簡單,實用性好。用 LCD顯示屏對步進電機的預(yù)設(shè)工作狀態(tài)進行動態(tài)顯示,直觀、明了。 關(guān)鍵詞 :步進電機; PIC 單片機; LCD II Abstract Stepper motor is a controldriven ponent which directly convert digital signal to angular displacement or linear displacement, with a rapid start and stop characteristics. The driving velocity of the stepper motor are strictly synchronous with instructions pulse, and can achieve positive and negative rotation and smooth speed adjustment, so it is widely used in digitaltoanalog converter, speed control and position control system. However, the driving signals of stepper motor are often generated by a special controller of analog chip or signal generator, it is lack of flexibility and reliability. Especially in some occasions of higher intelligence, using analog chips and signal generator to control the stepper motor has some limitations. Because of its singlechip highprecision pulse and relatively simple peripheral circuits, so stepper motor controllers based on singlechip are widely used in industrial applications. The design uses a PIC MCU as the core of stepper motor control system, and a control method of bination of software and hardware is realized. We choose software instead of the Pulse Distributor to achieve the best control of the stepper motor. Unipolar drive circuit is used for driving lowpower stepper motor, which is simple and really functional. LCD is used for dynamic displaying intuitively and clearly the state of the stepper motor. Keywords:Stepper motor; PIC Microcontroller; LCD 目 錄 摘要 .................................................................................................................................I Abstract ....................................................................................................................... II 緒論 ................................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)原理 ......................................................................................................2 一、步進電機的分類和主要性能指標(biāo) .................................................................... 2 (一)步進電機的分類 ......................................................................................... 2 (二)步進電機的主要性能指標(biāo) ......................................................................... 2 二、步進電動機的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 ........................................................................ 3 (一)反應(yīng)式步進電動機的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 ..................................................... 3 (二)混合式步進電動機的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 ..................................................... 4 (三) KP39M2025 型混合式步進電動機的工作方式 ........................................ 5 (四)步進電動機的加減速 ................................................................................. 6 三、 液晶顯示模塊 OCMJ48C ..................................................................................... 7 (一)帶有中文字庫圖形點陣液晶顯示模塊的應(yīng)用 ......................................... 7 (二) OCMJ48C 液晶顯示模塊的功能 .................................................................. 8 四 、 PIC 單片機 ......................................................................................................... 8 (一) PIC 系列單片機的特點 .............................................................................. 8 (二) PIC16F877 單片機的結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................... 9 第二章 控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ........................................................................................ 12 一、控制系統(tǒng)總體概述 .......................................................................................... 12 二、控制系統(tǒng)的硬件電路 ...................................................................................... 12 (一)控制系統(tǒng)總體電路 ................................................................................... 12 (二)單片機與步進電機接口驅(qū)動電路 ........................................................... 14 (三)單片機與 LCD 顯示屏接口電路( 8 位并行模式) ................................ 14 (四)單片機與鍵盤接口電路 ........................................................................... 15 三、步進電動機的選型 .......................................................................................... 16 四、開發(fā)平臺 MPLAB ICD 簡介 .............................................................................. 16 第三章 控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 ........................................................................................ 18 一、控制系統(tǒng)總流程圖 .......................................................................................... 18 二、系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控模塊 .................................................................................................. 18 (一)系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控模塊流程圖 ............................................................................... 18 (二)步進電機轉(zhuǎn)向設(shè)置子程序范例 ............................................................... 19 (三)步進電機轉(zhuǎn)速設(shè)置 ................................................................................... 20 三、鍵盤識別處理模塊 .......................................................................................... 20 四 、 LCD 顯示模塊 ................................................................................................... 21 五、控制信號產(chǎn)生模塊 ...........................................
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