【正文】 1 產(chǎn)能管理 (Capacity Management) 2 Outline ? 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境演變與相關(guān)管理工具之關(guān)係 ? 製造環(huán)境分類 ? 製造規(guī)劃及控制系統(tǒng)架構(gòu) ? 產(chǎn)能管理相關(guān)概念 ? 粗估產(chǎn)能規(guī)劃 (RCCP) ? 產(chǎn)能需求規(guī)劃 (CRP) ? 投入 /產(chǎn)出規(guī)劃及控制 (I/O Planning amp。 Control) ? 作業(yè)排程 (Operation Sequencing) ? 結(jié)論 3 Competitive Priority ? 1950~1960 – Cost ? ? 1970~1980 – Quality ? ? 1990~20xx – Delivery、 Flexibility、 Service ? – Globalwise 4 Competitive Priority 手工藝時(shí)代 大量生產(chǎn) 豐田生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) 及時(shí)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) 零庫存生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) 世界級(jí)製造 成本 品質(zhì) 彈性 交期 1920 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20xx 服務(wù)、創(chuàng)新、全球化 5 Planning Evolution MRP MRP II ERP 1970 1980 1990 20xx APS 6 MRP1960’s and 70’s ? Material Requirements Planning ? Master Production Scheduling ? Unconstrained Demand Supply 7 MRP II1980’s ? Unconstrained ? Manufacturing Planning and Control, with manual processes to “close the loop” ? Capacity Management ? Financial Integration 8 ERP 1990’s ? An accountingoriented information system for identifying and planning the enterprisewide resources needed to take, make, ship, and account for customer orders. [APICS dictionary] 9 The Vision The Delivery MRP MRP II ERP Extended ERP Reduced inventory through “infinite” manufacturing planning Reduced inventory, fewer stockouts and accurate financial records through “infinite” manufacturing planning and periodic transaction processing. Customer focused, dynamically balanced enterprise through asset optimization and realtime transaction processing. Customer focused, dynamically balanced value work through asset optimization and realtime transaction processing. MRP MRP II MRP II (plus) Supply Chain The vision of ERP is Evolving to include the Extended Enterprise 10 資訊 系統(tǒng)之演進(jìn) ? MRP I 1960~1980 – 生產(chǎn)者導(dǎo)向 ?大量生產(chǎn) – 產(chǎn)品以價(jià)格及功能取勝 ?生產(chǎn)成本降低 – 整合： MPS及 BOM ? MRP II 1980~1990 – 消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向 ?少樣多量生產(chǎn) – 產(chǎn)品以多樣化及高品質(zhì)取勝 ?生產(chǎn)彈性及消除浪廢 – 整合：製造、行銷、財(cái)務(wù)、人事、專案 ? ERP/SCM 1990~ – 消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向 ?大量客製化 – 快速反應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求 – 跨地區(qū)、跨幣別的即時(shí)、整合資訊 11 資訊 系統(tǒng) 1970 年代 1980 年代 1990 年代 20xx 年代企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體 M R P M R P I I E R P E E R P應(yīng)用範(fàn)圍 部門 工廠 企業(yè) 供應(yīng)鏈資訊系統(tǒng)架構(gòu) M a i n f r a m e M i n i co m p u t e r C l i e n t / S e r v e r W e b C o m p u t i n g需求重點(diǎn) 成本 品質(zhì) 速度 ( 交期 ) 協(xié)同規(guī)劃 ( 彈性 )市場(chǎng)特性 大眾市場(chǎng) 區(qū)隔市場(chǎng) 利基市場(chǎng) 一對(duì)一少樣大量 多樣少量 多樣大量 大量客製生產(chǎn)模式產(chǎn)品供給導(dǎo)向 客戶需求導(dǎo)向資料來源 : 資策會(huì) MIC IT IS計(jì)畫 12 企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體演變趨勢(shì) EBusiness (電子企業(yè)環(huán)境 ) ESCM (延伸型供應(yīng)鏈管理 ) EERP (延伸型企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫 ) ECommerce (電子商務(wù) ) SFA (銷售自動(dòng)化 ) CRM (客戶關(guān)係管理 ) SCM (供應(yīng)鏈管理 ) ERP (企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫 ) MRP (物料需求規(guī)劃 ) Payroll (薪資系統(tǒng) ) GL (總帳會(huì)計(jì) ) AP (應(yīng)收帳款系統(tǒng) ) AR (應(yīng)付帳款系統(tǒng) ) 1970 1990 20xx EDI (電子資訊交換 ) Planning (計(jì)劃 ) Scheduling (排程 ) Distribution (配銷 ) MRP II (製造需求規(guī)劃 ) HR (人力資源 ) FMIS (財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng) ) 1980 資料來源： HP簡(jiǎn)報(bào) 13 EBusiness Application Architecture =emerce Ebusiness +ERP +SCM +MES/MCS +KM +CRM Customer Employee Supplier EProcurement Customer Relationship Management Enterprise Applications Integration Manufacturing Execution Manufacturing Control Knowledge Management Supply Chain Management Enterprise Resource Planning 14 製造環(huán)境分類 ? 以製造策略分類 – Job Shop (零工型 ) – Repetitive (重複型 ) – Batch (批量型 ) – Flow Shop (流線型 ) ? 以產(chǎn)品定位策略分類 – Engineeringtoorder – Maketoorder – Assembletoorder – Maketostock 種類數(shù) 量123415 製造環(huán)境 Repetitive production Product Job shop Flow shop Custom Low volume differentiated High volume differentiated Commodity Specialty chemicals and drugs Aerospace Industrial machinery Machine tools Electrical and electronics Paper Containers Brewers Automobile Tire and rubber Steel products Major chemicals and drugs Oil Steel Forest products Process Source: Taylor et al., hy the Process Industries Are Different,?Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1981. Oneofakind PERT/CPM MRP。 CRP MRP。 Line Balancing JIT 16 Manufacturing System Model Business Planning Sales Planning Production Planning MPS MRP Demand Management Finance Planning Resource Requirements Planning RoughCut Capacity Planning Capacity Requirements Planning Purchasing Production Activity Control Mid Term LongTerm ShortTerm Inventory Management Input/Output Control 17 Capacity Management in MPS System Resource requirements planning Roughcut capacity planning Capacity requirements planning Purchasing Material requirements planning Message to BUY or MAKE Production activity control Master production scheduling Production planning Input/Output analysis Operation Sequencing 18 Capacity Planning and Control Priority Capacity Planning Control PP MPS MRP RRP RCCP CRP Input/Output Control Operation Sequencing 19 Capacity Definition ? The rate at which work is w