【正文】 北京工商大學(xué) 專升本 會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè) 大學(xué)英語 2 電子版復(fù)習(xí)課件 整理 :王和平 359076395 如果有發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤或補(bǔ)充請聯(lián)系我 .謝謝大家 所有資料 都可以下載 UNIT 3 TEXT 杰斐遜的遺訓(xùn) 布魯斯 .布利文 也許 美國第三任總統(tǒng)托馬斯 . 杰斐遜不如喬治 .華盛頓和亞伯拉罕 .林肯那樣著名，但大部分人至少能記住一件有關(guān)他的事實(shí)，即他寫了《獨(dú)立宣言》。 盡管杰斐遜生活的時(shí)代距今已經(jīng) 二百多 年了，但我們今天仍能從他那里學(xué)到很多東西。他的很多思想對今天的青年一代尤其 具有吸引力。以下是他曾說過和寫過的言論： 親自觀察。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，一個(gè)自由的人不僅能從書本上獲得知識，還能從很多其他源泉獲得知識，并且，個(gè)人親自進(jìn)行調(diào)查非常重要。在他年青的時(shí)候，他被任命 為一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員，負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查詹姆斯河南端支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只，在其它委員會(huì)成員坐在州議會(huì)大廈研究有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的時(shí)候，杰斐遜卻乘上一只獨(dú)木舟到現(xiàn)場實(shí)地觀測去了。 您能從每個(gè)人身上學(xué)到知識。論出身及所受的教育，杰斐遜均屬于社會(huì)的最高階層。那個(gè)時(shí)代，出身高貴的人除了向窮人發(fā)號施令外，很少與其說話。然而杰斐遜卻想方設(shè)法找園藝工人，傭人及仆人交談。杰斐遜有一次跟法國貴族拉斐特說：“您應(yīng)象我那樣到老百姓家里去，看看他們的鍋里有什么，親口嘗一嘗他們 吃 的面包。只要你這樣做了，你就會(huì)明白老百姓為什么不滿意，并且 理解那聲威協(xié)法國的革命。” 自己作出判斷。 杰斐遜絕不在未經(jīng)認(rèn)真思考的情況下授受別人的意見?！安荒芤?yàn)閯e人曾經(jīng)或者相信過某件事情，你就去拒絕或者相信此事”，他在給侄兒的信中寫道，“上帝賜給你一個(gè)判別正誤的大腦，您應(yīng)該利用它?！? 杰斐遜感到人民“是完全可以信賴的，任何事情 無論真假都應(yīng)該讓他們聽到。讓他們作出正確判斷。如果由我來決定，我們是應(yīng)該有一個(gè)政府而不要報(bào)紙還是應(yīng)該有報(bào)紙而不要政府，我將毫不猶豫地選擇后者?！? 做你認(rèn)為對的事情。自由國家里總是會(huì)存在對立的思想，這就是力量的源泉。正是 這種對立，而不是絕對的統(tǒng)一才使得自由得以存在。盡管杰斐遜很多年來一 直是 被猛烈抨擊的對象，他卻從未予以反擊。他在給一位朋友的信中這樣解釋他的哲學(xué)思想：“任何問題都有兩個(gè)方面。如果你選擇了一面并卓有成效地干下去，那么，選擇另一方面的那些人當(dāng)然會(huì)怨恨你的舉動(dòng)?！? 相信未來，相信青年。 杰斐遜覺得，當(dāng)今之事不應(yīng)被那些毫無用處的舊習(xí)慣束縛住。“沒有一種社會(huì)，”他說，“能創(chuàng)造出一種永恒的憲法，甚至是一項(xiàng)永恒的法律。這個(gè)地球?qū)儆诨钪囊淮??！彼慌滦滤枷?，也不怕未來?！岸嗌偻纯?，”他評論道，“是由于并未發(fā)生的不幸?guī)?來的呀。我期待著最好的事物，而不是最壞的事情。我?guī)еＭ綋P(yáng)帆，把恐懼拋在身后?！? 杰斐遜的勇氣和理想主義是基于知識之上的。也許他的學(xué)問在他那個(gè)時(shí)代無人可以比擬。他是 農(nóng)學(xué)，建筑學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)方面的專家。他在莊稼輪作和 土 壤保持被人們廣泛認(rèn)可前一世紀(jì)就已實(shí)行該技術(shù)了。他發(fā)明的一種耕犁比現(xiàn)存的任何一種都好。他影響了整個(gè)的美國的建筑業(yè)，并且，他還不斷地制造出各種器械裝置，使得日常生活里的許多工作變得更加容易操作。 杰斐遜的諸種才能中，有一種是最突出的，那就是，他首先是一位優(yōu)秀的，不知 疲倦 的作家。目前正在首次 出版的他的作品全集將超過五十集。他的寫作天才很早就被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。當(dāng)1776 年在費(fèi)城撰寫《獨(dú)立宣言》的時(shí)刻到來之時(shí)，執(zhí)筆的任務(wù)便落在了他肩上。千百萬人激動(dòng)地 讀 著以下豪言：“我們認(rèn)為這是不言而喻的真理，即人生來平等 ? ”。 1826 年 7 月 4 日，即美國獨(dú)立 50 周年紀(jì)念日， 杰斐遜與世長辭了。他為國人留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)及行為典范。美國的教育從托馬斯 . 杰斐遜那里得益甚多。在他看來，只有國民受過教育的國家才能永遠(yuǎn)自由。 北京工商大學(xué) 專升本 會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè) 大學(xué)英語 2 電子版復(fù)習(xí)課件 整理 :王和平 359076395 如果有發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤或補(bǔ)充請聯(lián)系我 .謝謝大家 所有資料 都可以下載 Jefferson died long ago, but many of his ideas are still of great interest to us. Lessons from Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than Gee Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about his: he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote. Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a mittee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the mittee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made onthespot observations. You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, You must go into the people39。s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France. Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people39。s opinions without careful thought. Neither believe nor reject anything, he wrote to his nephew, because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it. Jefferson felt that the people may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false ,and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions. Trust the future。 trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. No society, he said, can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation. He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. How much pain, he remarked, has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind. Jefferson39。s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more that any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform. 北京工商大學(xué) 專升本 會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專業(yè) 大學(xué)英語 2 電子版復(fù)習(xí)課件 整理 :王和平 359076395 如果有發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤或補(bǔ)充請聯(lián)系我 .謝謝大家 所有資料 都可以下載 Of all Jefferson39。s many talents, one is central, He was above all a good and tireless writer. His plete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his, Millions have