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銀杏、油松對(duì)co2和o3濃度升高的生理響應(yīng)(已修改)

2025-01-20 11:54 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 分類號(hào) 密級(jí) UDC 編號(hào) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院 博士學(xué)位論文 銀杏、油松對(duì) CO2 和 O3 濃度升高的生理響應(yīng) 付 士 磊 指導(dǎo)教師 何興元 研究員 中國(guó)科學(xué)院沈陽(yáng)應(yīng)用生態(tài)研究所 申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別 理學(xué) 博士 學(xué)科專業(yè)名稱 生態(tài)學(xué) 論文提交日期 論文答辯日期 培養(yǎng)單位 中國(guó)科學(xué)院沈陽(yáng)應(yīng)用生態(tài)研究所 學(xué)位授予單位 中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院 答辯委員會(huì)主席 王 慶禮研究員 中國(guó)科學(xué)院博士學(xué)位論文 付士磊: 銀杏、油松對(duì) CO2 和 O3 濃度升高的生理響應(yīng) 博士學(xué)位論文 銀杏、油松對(duì) CO2 和 O3 濃度升高的生理響應(yīng) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重大研究計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目( 90411019) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院沈陽(yáng)應(yīng)用生態(tài)所創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目( SLYQY0414) 付士磊 指導(dǎo)教師 何興元 研究員 中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院 2022 年 6 月 摘 要 I 摘 要 隨著工業(yè)化和城市化的迅速發(fā)展,高濃度 CO2 和高濃度 O3 對(duì)植物影響的研究受到了廣泛的重視,但二者交互作用對(duì) 城市 樹木的 生理及碳氧平衡的 影響尚不清楚。 銀杏( Ginkgo biloba) 、 油松 ( Pinus tabulaeformis) 是沈陽(yáng)市城市森林的兩種重要樹種,對(duì)大氣環(huán)境變化的響應(yīng)具有代表性。 本文采用開(kāi)頂箱法 研究了在高濃度 CO2( 700 μmolmol1) 、 O3( 80 nmolmol1)及其復(fù)合作用條件下城市銀杏、油松生長(zhǎng)、光合、蒸騰以及呼吸作用的日動(dòng)態(tài)、季節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)變化,揭示了銀杏、油松光合對(duì)高濃度 CO O3的適應(yīng)機(jī)制及其本身 環(huán)境 效應(yīng) 的變化 規(guī)律 ,為研究城市森林對(duì)全球變化的響應(yīng)與反饋提供了 重要基礎(chǔ) 。 得出的主要結(jié)果如下: 1. 短期 ( 030 d) 高濃度 CO2 處理提高了銀杏、油松葉片 /針葉細(xì)胞間 CO2 濃度、羧化效率和表觀量子 效率 ,從而提高了銀杏、油松的凈光合速率。 2. 長(zhǎng)期 (100 d)高濃度 CO2 處理促進(jìn)了銀杏、油松葉片 /針葉的生長(zhǎng),提高了細(xì)胞滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量,增強(qiáng)了銀杏、油松抵御逆境脅迫的潛能。銀杏、油松日變化曲線趨向單峰曲線,緩解了中午的光抑制現(xiàn)象; 固碳釋氧量 提高了近 1 倍,有助于減緩全球變化的速度。 銀杏、油松的氣孔導(dǎo)度和羧化效率的降低是發(fā)生光合適應(yīng)的重要原因。 3. 高濃度 O3 處理 可導(dǎo)致兩樹種的生理傷害, 銀杏葉片 表現(xiàn)為 褐斑型傷害,油松則為水銹型 , 葉片生長(zhǎng)受到抑制 。 同時(shí)兩樹種 可溶性蛋白、可溶 性糖含量降低,電導(dǎo)率升高 。 兩樹種 葉綠素含量降低,凈光合速率下降。 銀杏光合速率的降低前期表現(xiàn)為氣孔限制,后期轉(zhuǎn)為非氣孔限制為主。 油松光合速率下降 則是兩種限制因素共同作用的結(jié)果 ,難分主次,表明 油松的氣孔調(diào)節(jié)能力弱于銀杏,更易受到 O3 的傷害 。 造 成實(shí)驗(yàn)處理后期銀杏、油松光合速率下降的非氣孔因素是表觀量子效率 和羧化效率的降低。 高濃度 O3 處理使 銀杏、油松的 光抑制現(xiàn)象加強(qiáng),固碳釋氧、降溫增濕能力降低,且油松降低幅度大于銀杏。 4. 高濃度 CO2 和 O3 復(fù)合處理提高了銀杏油松的葉綠素含量, 減輕 了高濃度 O3 對(duì)葉片/針葉 的 傷害, 促進(jìn)了葉的生長(zhǎng) 。 與對(duì)照相比,復(fù)合處理提高了銀杏、油松的 凈光合速率,降低了氣孔導(dǎo)度和蒸騰速率,從而使水分利用效 率和 含水量得到提高。表觀量子 效率 和羧化效率的提高是光合速中國(guó)科學(xué)院博士學(xué)位論文 付士磊: 銀杏、油松對(duì) CO2 和 O3 濃度升高的生理響應(yīng) 率大幅度上升的重要因素;呼吸速率的提高則是后期光合速率增幅減小的重要原因。 復(fù)合處理前期 CO2 主要是通過(guò)氣孔調(diào)節(jié)來(lái)緩解 O3 對(duì)樹木的傷害, 高濃度 CO2 處理對(duì)光合作用的促進(jìn)作用大于高濃度 O3 處理的抑制作用。 高濃度 CO2 和 O3 復(fù)合處理的銀杏、油松的光呼吸速率、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖的含量增加,電導(dǎo)率降低,提高了銀杏、油松的抗逆性, 這 是高濃度 CO2 緩解 O3 脅迫對(duì)樹木 傷害的一個(gè)原因。復(fù)合處理同樣緩解了銀杏、油松光抑制現(xiàn)象,提高了 固碳釋氧量 ,但銀杏降溫增濕能力降低。 關(guān)鍵詞:高濃度 CO2 和 O3 油松 銀杏 光合生理 開(kāi)頂箱 ( OTC) Abstract III Physiological response of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus tabulaeformis to elevated CO2 and O3 concentration Fu Shilei (Ecology) Directed by Prof. He Xingyuan Abstract With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the individual effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on plant have been widely investigated, while the effects of elevated O3 in bination with elevated CO2 on trees have been poorly understood. An opentop chamber experiment was carried out from April through October 2022 to examine the effects of elevated CO2 (700 μmolmol1) and O3 (80 nmolmol1) on photosynthesis physiology Ginkgo biloba and Pinus tabulaeformis in urban area. The longterm dynamic effect of elevated CO2 and O3 on the photosynthesis, respiration and growth of of Pinus tabulaeformis and Ginkgo biloba grown in opentop chambers in urban area were measured periodically. The changes in the environmental functions of the trees affected by the elevated CO2 and O3 were also predicted accordingly. The results were as follows: 1. Increased photosynthetic rates by elevated atmospheric CO2 in the short term were associated with increased intercellular CO2 concentration, carboxylation efficiency and apparent quantum yield. 2. Elevated CO2 increased leaf growth and the resistance of trees to environmental stresses that was associated to the increased soluble protein and soluble sugar. Diurnal fluctuations of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus tabulaeformis induced by elevated CO2 exhibited onepeak curves in the season, which means elevated CO2 ameliorated midday photoinhibition of photosynthesis in trees. Elevated CO2 enhanced carbon fixing and oxygen releasing capabilities of the two species. The CO2induced enhancement of photosynthesis was decreased by decreasing stomatal conductance and carboxylation efficiency over time. 3. Elevated O3 concentration inhibiteds the growth of leaves by depressing photosynthesis. Visible foliar injury, which was light brown flecks, was observed in the O3 elevated OTCs after 90 days exposure. 付士磊:銀杏、油松 光合作用對(duì) CO O3 濃度升高的響應(yīng)及其適應(yīng)機(jī)制 IV The decrease in photosynthesis rate of Ginkgo biloba exposed to elevated O3 was mainly caused by the stomatal limitation in the early season, while the nonstomata limit factors became more important at the end of the season. However, the decrease in photosynthesis rate of Pinus tabulaeformis exposed to elevated O3 was resulted from both stomatal and nonstamatal limitations. It seemed that the ability of stomatal reaction of Pinus tabulaeformis was slower than Ginkgo biloba. 4. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on carotenoid content but greatly reduced the damaging impact of O3 on chlorophyll content and visible foliar damage. The bined of elevated O3 and CO2 increased water use efficiency and leaf water content by increasing photosynthetic rate and decreasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. In the OTCs with both elevated CO2 and elevated O3, Elevated CO2 is supposed to increase carboxylation efficiency and apparent quantum yield, which was probably one of the most important reasons in increasinge photosynthetic rate of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus tabulaeformis. Decreased photosynthetic rate in late of season was associated with increased respiration rate. Elevated CO2 enhanced the ability of stomatal response of Ginkgo biloba and Pinus tabulaeformi, to environment changes and ameliorated the impact of O3 on photosynthesis in trees.
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