【正文】 溫控電機(jī)調(diào)速 Temperature Control Motor Speed 題目名稱： 接口技術(shù) 院系名稱： 機(jī)電學(xué)院 2022 年 6 月 27 日 接口技術(shù) I 摘 要 科學(xué)技術(shù)一直被視為生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的核心，人們希望創(chuàng)造更先進(jìn)的科技來提高人們的生活質(zhì)量。特別是計(jì)算機(jī) 出現(xiàn)后，人們的生產(chǎn)，生活發(fā)生質(zhì)的改變。自動(dòng)控制的出現(xiàn)不僅節(jié)省了企業(yè)的成本，而且也減少了工人的勞動(dòng)力，降低了對工人素質(zhì)的要求。其中用于自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的元件有許多種，但尤為單片機(jī)， PLC,計(jì)算機(jī)等在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中有著舉足輕重的地位。本文以單片機(jī)為例，詳細(xì)的介紹溫度傳感器是如何通過單片機(jī)來控制電機(jī)的速度。這種實(shí)例看似很簡單，但在生活生產(chǎn)的實(shí)際中卻發(fā)揮著重要作用。比如，筆記本的散熱系統(tǒng)，智能電風(fēng)扇，還有一些發(fā)熱嚴(yán)重的大型機(jī)械等等大都采用了這樣的方案來控制機(jī)體內(nèi)部的熱量，從而保證工作正常運(yùn)行。 近幾年來微 型機(jī)快速發(fā)展，國外交直流系統(tǒng)數(shù)字化已經(jīng)達(dá)到實(shí)用階段由于以微處理器為核心的數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高，制作成本低，且不受器件溫 度漂 移的 影 響，其 中單 片機(jī) 最 受歡迎 。單 片機(jī) （ Single chip microputer） 微 型 計(jì) 算 機(jī) 簡 稱 單 片 機(jī) ， 是 典 型 的 嵌 入 式 微控制器（ Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的縮寫 MCU 表示單片機(jī)，單片機(jī)又稱單片微控制器 ，它不是完成某一個(gè)邏輯功能的 芯片 ，而是把一個(gè) 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個(gè)芯片上。單片機(jī)由 運(yùn)算器 、 控制器 、 存儲(chǔ)器 、 輸入輸出設(shè)備 構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)微型的計(jì)算機(jī)（最小系統(tǒng)），和計(jì)算機(jī)相比， 單片機(jī) 缺少了外圍設(shè)備等。概括的講：一塊 芯片 就成了一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價(jià)格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)使用 單片機(jī) 是了解計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。 溫度傳感器從 17 世紀(jì)初人們開 始利用溫度進(jìn)行測量。在半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)的支持下，本世紀(jì)相繼開發(fā)了半導(dǎo)體 熱電偶傳感器 、 PN 結(jié)溫度傳感器和集成溫度傳感器。與之相應(yīng)，根據(jù)波與物質(zhì)的相互作用規(guī) 律，相繼開發(fā)了聲學(xué)溫度傳感器、紅外傳感器和微波傳感器。溫度傳感器是五花八門的各種傳感器中最為常用的一種，現(xiàn)代的溫度傳感器外形非常得小，這樣更加讓它廣泛應(yīng)用在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域中，也為人們的生活提供了無數(shù)的便利和功能。 本文涉及了基于單片機(jī)的溫控電機(jī) 速度系統(tǒng)，采用單片機(jī)控制為控制器，利用溫度傳感器 DS18B20作為溫度采集元件，并根據(jù)采集到的溫度與系統(tǒng)設(shè)定值相比較從而控制電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速，同時(shí)系統(tǒng)的預(yù)設(shè)溫度是通過兩個(gè)獨(dú)立按鍵來實(shí)現(xiàn)的， 一個(gè)增大預(yù)設(shè)溫度，一個(gè)減小預(yù)設(shè)溫度。 【 關(guān)鍵詞 】 單片機(jī)； DS1820；溫控； IIIAbstract Science and technology has been regarded as the core of development of productive forces, people want to create more advanced technology to improve the quality of people39。s lives. Especially after the puter has, the people39。s production and life qualitative change. Automatic control appears not only saves the cost of business, but also to reduce the workers 39。labor, reducing the quality of workers39。 demands. Wherein the elements for automatic control system has many kinds, but particularly the microcontroller, PLC, puter, etc. has a pivotal position in the industrial production. In this paper, microcontroller, for example, the temperature sensor is a detailed description of how the microcontroller to control the speed of the motor. Such examples may seem very simple, but in real life production plays an important role in it. For example, notebook cooling systems, intelligent fans, there are some serious heat large machinery, etc. Such programs are mostly used to control the body39。s internal heat, thus ensuring the normal operation of the work. In recent years, the rapid development of microputers, foreign Digital ACDC system has reached the practical stage due to the high degree of standardization of microprocessor core digital control system hardware circuit, low production costs, and the device is not affected by temperature drift, which SCM the most popular. SCM (Single chip microputer) singlechip microputers referred to, is a typical embedded microcontroller (Microcontroller Unit), monly used abbreviations in alphabetical said MCU MCU, microcontroller, also known as singlechip microcontroller, it is not pleted a certain logic chips , but to a puter system integrated into a chip. SCM consists of puting, controller, memory, input and output devices, the equivalent of a miniputer (minimum system), and a puter pared to the lack of a singlechip peripherals. Speaking in general terms: a chip has bee a puter. Its small size, light weight, cheap, learning, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use a puter microcontroller is the best choice to understand the principle and structure. It was first to be used in industrial control. Temperature sensor from the early 17th century, people began to take advantage of the temperature measurement. In support of semiconductor technologies, this century have developed a semiconductor thermoco