【正文】 GCT 英語語法 1. 比較結(jié)構(gòu) 2. 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 3. 虛擬語氣 4. 時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 5. 非謂語動(dòng)詞 ６ . 名詞性從句 第一部分 : 比較結(jié)構(gòu) 英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)使用于形容詞和副詞， 因?yàn)橹挥行稳菰~和副詞具有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)?？荚囍兄饕獪y(cè)試比較結(jié)構(gòu)和特殊用法。 考點(diǎn)一： 原級(jí)比較一般用 as … as 。 not as … as 。 the same … as 。 特殊結(jié)構(gòu) A is to B what / as X is Y 。 A+倍數(shù)或幾分之幾 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. The work is not as difficult as you think. Air is to us as water is to fish. 我們與空氣的關(guān)系就像魚和水的關(guān)系。 This book is twice as thick as that one. 考點(diǎn)二： 比較級(jí)常用結(jié)構(gòu) A ＋比較級(jí) ＋ than + B 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)： the more … the more ( 越 …… 越 ……) ； more and more (越來越 ) This question is less difficult than that that question. (比較對(duì)象為彼此獨(dú)立的人或事物 ) Iron is more useful than any other metal. (比較對(duì)象具有所屬關(guān)系， 含有最高級(jí)含義 ) The city is being more and more beautiful. 考點(diǎn)三： 以拉丁文 ior結(jié)尾的含有比較意義的形容詞后接 to 而不是 than. 這些詞是： superior, inferior , senior , junior , major , minor, anterior, prior(在 … 之前 ) , posterior (在 … 之后 ) He is three years senior to me. This type of puter is superior to that type. 考點(diǎn)四： 最高級(jí)用于三者以上的事物之間的比較，所以比較的范圍自然是少不了。一般表示地方用介詞 in。 表示所屬關(guān)系和人物比較用介詞 of. ( 即 the +最高級(jí)＋ in /of …) The Yangtze River is the longest river in China, but it is the third longest river in the world. The youngest member of the family is most successful. Of all forms of energy, electricity is most widely used. 考點(diǎn)五： 在 more … than 結(jié)構(gòu)中， than 有時(shí)可看作關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于 than what… There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what…) 人們不應(yīng)該像今天這樣擔(dān)心害怕患上癌癥。 There are more wonders in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. ( than = than what…) 天地間的奇跡比人們所夢(mèng)想的要多得多。 The medicine is more effective than is expected. 考點(diǎn)六： 英語中有一小部分表示絕對(duì)意義的形容詞沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如： dead, deaf, empty, total, whole, perfect, plete, right, wrong, equal, daily false, final absolute, alone, round, pregnant, square, supreme, unique, straight, eternal, unanimous (意見一致的 ) 考點(diǎn)七： 幾組由 “ more than ； more … than” 和“ no / not ＋ 比較級(jí)” 等構(gòu)成的慣用句式及其含義。 more than 其含義為 : “不僅是， 非常， 十分”等， 用法和意義較多。 more …than 其含義可以是 : “與其說 …… 不如說， 不是 …… 而是” What we are doing today is more than donating some money. 今天我們所做的不只是捐一些錢。 Their action was more than justified. 他們的行動(dòng)是完全有理由的。 He is more brave than wise. 他有勇無謀 。 The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammer. 這本書看起來與其說是一本語法書，不如說是一本詞典。 no more than 強(qiáng)調(diào)少，意為“只有，不過，僅僅” not more than 客觀敘述，意為“不超過” He has no more than five dollars on him. 他身上僅有 5美元。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)少 ) He has not more than five dollars on him. 他身上帶的錢不超過僅有 5美元。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)額少于 5美元 ) no more … than 含有消極否定的意思，可譯為“ A與 B都不 … ，不 … 也不” not more … than 含有積極、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差異。 He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奮，你也不勤奮。 (兩人都不勤奮 ) He is not more diligent than you. 他沒有像你那樣勤奮。 (兩人都勤奮，但你更勤奮 ) no less than = as much as 意為：“竟有 … 之多，多達(dá)”強(qiáng)調(diào)多 not less than 意為“不少于，至少”，可觀地描述 no less … than 前后均為肯定，含有驚奇的感情色彩 ?？勺g為：“是 … 是， 正是， 和 … 一樣， 多達(dá)，應(yīng)有 … 之多” His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的兒子竟然讀了 50本英文書。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)多 ) His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的兒子讀了不少于 50本英文書。 (不強(qiáng)調(diào)多或少 ) The middleaged man was no less a person than the new minister. 這位中年人正是新來的部長。 Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be. 她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。 第二部分 : 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)也是英語考試中的常考語法現(xiàn)象，該結(jié)構(gòu)分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。所謂全部倒裝是指整個(gè)謂語部分放在主語前面；而部分倒裝是指謂語的一部分 (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞 )放在主語之前。 考點(diǎn)一： 表示地點(diǎn)、方向和時(shí)間的副詞或者介詞放在句首時(shí)，句子要全部倒裝。這些詞有： here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. In each room are ten students. 每個(gè)房間里有十個(gè)學(xué)生。 考點(diǎn)二： 當(dāng)含有否定意義的詞或短語放在句首時(shí)，要用部分倒裝。這類詞包括： not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only … but also… Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much. Not until he came back did I leave. (注意：只能是主句的主謂倒裝 ) On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees. 考點(diǎn)三： as +adj. / adv. 以及“ to such a degree, to such an extent, to such a point.”放在句首， 表示程度，句子要倒裝。 To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire. So diligently does he work that he often fets to eat and sleep. 考點(diǎn)四： 虛擬語氣中，省去 if 后， 從句需要倒裝。 Had he not been promoted, he never have remained with the pany. (＝ If he had not been promoted, …) Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Monday. Had I known what was going to happen, I would never have done such a thing. 本來為 If I had known what… 考點(diǎn)五： “ only + 狀語”放在句首時(shí)，句子需要倒裝。 Only by working hard can you achieve your goal. Only in this way can we solve this problem successfully and effectively. 考點(diǎn)六： 由 as 或 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句有時(shí)也用倒裝句，即把表語或部分謂語提前。 Patient though / as he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours. 他雖有耐心，但也不愿意等三個(gè)小時(shí)。 Child as / though he was, he had a good mand of English. 他雖然是個(gè)孩子，但已經(jīng)熟知英語。 Try as he might, he couldn’t the box. 不管他想什么辦法， 都沒法打開那個(gè)箱子。 考點(diǎn)七： 由 be 引起的倒裝句表示讓步，并帶有虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，即 be 用原形。 The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. ( be it selling…= whether in may