中文骨折概論ppt課件(已修改)
2024-12-20 03:05 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS General Concept of Fracture 骨科概論 Weiming LIAO (廖威明 ) . . Prof. Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yatsen University 中山大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院骨科 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn) Key points ? Definition of frac. And causes of fracture 骨折定義，骨折原因 ? Classification of frac. 骨折分類 ? Stability of frac and factors causing displaced frac 骨折穩(wěn)定性，引起骨折移位的因素 ? Factors influencing bone union (healing) 影響骨折愈合的因素 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS Key points ? Specific signs of frac 骨折特有體征 ? Complication of frac 骨折并發(fā)癥 ? Principle of fracture treatment 骨折治療原則 ? Emergent treatment for frac 骨折的急救處理 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 骨折定義 Definition ? 骨折－－骨的連續(xù)性中段 ? A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 外力引起骨折 Forces ? fracture ? Direct violence (直接暴力 ) ? Indirect violence （間接暴力） ? Forceful pull of muscles（肌肉拉力引起撕脫骨折） ? Repeated stress（重復(fù)應(yīng)力引起疲勞骨折） cause fatigue fracture ? Bone disease（骨病變引起病理骨折） pathological frac Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 直接暴力引起橫斷骨折，粉碎性骨折 Direct violence Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 直接暴力Direct violence 間接暴力引起螺旋型骨折 Indirect violence (rotational) 骨腫瘤容易并發(fā)病理骨折 Bone tumor Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 直接暴力Direct force 間接暴力引起骨折和脫位Fracture amp。 dislocation caused by Indirect violence 車禍 Car accident Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 骨折分類：閉合 / 開放骨折 Closed / open fracture ? 根據(jù)骨折斷端是否與皮膚或體腔相通，分為開放性和閉合性骨折 ? Based on whether there is munication between fracture and skin (body cavities) ?閉合骨折 Closed fractures ?開放骨折 Open fractures: ? 傷口容易引致感染，因此，需要急診手術(shù)處理傷口和骨折 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS Open frac Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS Patterns of fracture 骨折類型 ?Inplete fracture 不全骨折 ?Complete fracture 完全性骨折 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 不全骨折 Inplete fracture: partial break ? Crack fracture（裂紋骨折） Greenstick fractures in children 青枝骨折 不完全性骨折容易引起漏診 Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS . 兒童的青枝骨折 Greenstick fracture of distal tibia occurs in children Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS Complete fracture 完全性骨折 ? 大多數(shù)的骨折屬于完全性骨折 ? Complete break of the injured bone ? Most fractures Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS 骨折類型 Patterns of fracture 根據(jù)骨折線、形狀和程度可分為 Based on fracture line / shape / degrees : ? Transverse fracture（橫形） ? Oblique（斜形） ? Spiral （螺旋形） ? Comminuted (with more than two fragments）（ splintered)（粉碎性） ? Compress fra. / crush fracture（壓縮性） ? Impacted fracture （嵌插） Dept. Orthopedics, 1st Hospital SUMS Stability of fracture 骨折的穩(wěn)定性 ? 穩(wěn)定型骨折 Stable fracture: 復(fù)位后不容易發(fā)生移位的骨折，如橫型骨折、嵌插骨折、青枝骨折等 not easily displace after reduction transverse, pacted, greenstick ? 不穩(wěn)定骨折 Unstable: ? 復(fù)位后容易發(fā)生移位，如斜型骨折、螺旋型骨折，粉碎性骨折等 ? a tendency to redisplace after reduction
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