【正文】 UNIT TEN Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? Unlike the Iliad（伊利亞特） , in which heroes like Achilles（阿基里斯） , Ajax and Hector（赫克托） fight for fame and glory, the Odyssey （奧德賽） depicts a quite different hero who fights over his adverse fate for his simple wish to return home. In this later epic（史詩） of Homer’s（荷馬） , a more peaceful world is revealed, with its close at the reunion（重聚） of the protagonist and his family and peace restored under the gods’ mand. Women are different from those in the Iliad. Here they bee useful panions and guides whose intelligence and will power exceed many a male figure that appears during Odysseus’（奧德修斯） adventure. Homer Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? Telemachus The story begins with the narrator calling upon the Muse to help him tell the story of Odysseus（奧德修斯） . It is on the tenth year since Troy has fallen to the Greeks. On Mount Olympus, Zeus summons a council with all the major gods present except Poseidon（波塞冬） , who is away in Ethiopia（埃塞俄比亞） . This is good for Odysseus, since Poseidon is the only one that would not like to see him return home safely. Zeus speaks of man who devises his own misery but blames the gods. He refers to Aegisthus（艾奎司托斯） , who killed Agamemnon（阿伽門農(nóng)） and stole his wife, though the gods warned him that Agamemnon’s son, Orestes（俄瑞斯忒斯） , would someday revenge—which he justly did. Athena speaks on behalf of （為了） Odysseus, who has for seven years stayed in the land of the nymph（女神） Calypso（卡利普索） longing for home. She pleads with Zeus to free Odysseus. He agrees, and sends Hermes to Calypso to ask her to free Odysseus. Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? Telemachus（忒勒瑪科斯） Athena（雅典娜） , disguised as Mentor（門特） , king of Taphian（塔菲） and an old friend of Odysseus, travels to Ithaca（伊薩卡到） , now overrun(泛濫） with suitors（請愿者） intent on marrying Odysseus’ wife, Penelope（佩內(nèi)洛普） . The cunning Penelope has been deceiving the suitors for years. She promised to marry after she wove a shroud（壽衣） for her dead husband’s father, Laertes（拉厄耳忒斯） , but has been unwoven（拆開） each day’s work at night for three years. Now her trick is discovered and she has to finish the shroud. Odysseus’ son, Telemachus（忒勒馬科斯） , unhappy among the suitors, weles Athena, who advises the young prince to seek news from Nestor （內(nèi)斯特）in Pylus（皮洛斯） . Together with Mentor (Athena), Telemachus（忒勒馬科斯） secretly gets his crew and sails to Pylus. ? Penelope and Her Suitors（佩內(nèi)洛普和她的請愿者） Telemachus and Mentor （忒勒馬科斯和門特） Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? Telemachus（忒勒馬科斯） At Pylus, Telemachus and Athena are received graciously. Nestor （內(nèi)斯特） tells Telemachus after Ilion（伊利昂，古代特洛伊城的希臘語名 Troy) fell Athena provoked（挑釁） a fight between the brothers Menelaus（墨涅拉俄斯，斯巴達王） and Agamemnon（阿伽門農(nóng)） and divided the Achaeans（亞加亞） into two camps. Those under mand of the former left, while the latter stayed. Odysseus（奧德修斯） left, but he (Nestor內(nèi)斯特 ) and his crew soon returned to Agamemnon. Nestor returned home safely, while others were either driven off course or were killed by the storm sent by Poseidon（波塞冬） . Nestor tells Telemachus he has not seen nor heard news of Odysseus since they left Troy and suggests that he go to Menelaus of Sparta（斯巴達） for further information. Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? Telemachus The old king then sends Telemachus with his son Peisistratus（佩西斯特拉托斯） to Sparta where Menelaus and Helen（海倫） are holding wedding feast for both their son and daughter. Helen and Menelaus recognize Telemachus as the son of Odysseus, since the young man looks so much like his father. Helen tells s story about Odysseus’ disguising himself as a beggar during the war. Menelaus recounts the famous anecdote（奇聞異事） of how Odysseus hid himself and his men inside a wooden horse to invade Troy. Menelaus and Helen 墨涅拉俄斯和海倫 Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? Telemachus Telemachus asks if the Spartan king has any news of his father. Menelaus says that he was blown off course down to Egypt and stayed there for seven years as unfavorable winds bound him. He then had to capture the seagod Proteus（普羅透斯，海神） , who could foresee the future but could change his shapes into different animals. Meneclaus and his men managed to capture Proteus and held him until the god surrendered （投降） to him. Proteus told Menelaus he was kept in Egypt as punishment（懲罰） for not honoring the gods with sacrifices（供奉） . He also told him of the happenings and whereabouts（下落） of his fellow rades from the Trojan War, those who made it home, and Agamemnon（阿伽門農(nóng)） being killed by Aegisthus（艾奎司托斯） . Then Proteus informed him that Odysseus（奧德修斯） was still alive and on the island of the nymph Calypso（卡利普索） . Telemachus thanks Menelaus（墨涅拉奧斯） for his helpful information and leaves. Back in Ithaca（伊薩卡島） , some suitors plot to ambush Telemachus’ ship on his return trip. But Athena aids Telemachus in reaching Ithaca undetected. ? Proteus海神 ——普羅忒奧斯 Trojan War Saga: The Odyssey ? The Wandering（漫游） on the Sea Athena pleads to the gods and Zeus on Mount Olympus on behalf of the imprisoned（被封?。? Odysseus and Telemachus, and Zeus sends Hermes（赫爾墨斯） to order Calypso（卡利普索） to release her prisoner. Hermes races to Calypso’s island and conveys Zeus’ mand. The goddess is furious, pointing out that male gods are allowed to take mortal lovers while female ones are not. But she cannot defy Zeus, so reluctantly（嫌惡的） she agrees and informs the weeping（哭泣的） Odysseus of the new plans. Calyp