【正文】 主語的選擇 (Options for subjects) ? 1 、 對等 (Equivalence)( Follow the Chinese topicment order, use noun phrases etc.) ? 1） 財源有限 ， 開銷無窮 。 (Our ) Financial resources are limited but expenses limitless. ? 2） 如果不適當(dāng)?shù)靥幚?， 鍋爐及機動車輛排出的廢氣就會造成城市空氣污染 。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ? 3） 這些新政策將使人民的購買力提高 ，市場繁榮 ， 金融活躍 ， 絕不會如一些人所說將使國家財政一團糟 。 ?These new measures will, we believe, increase the people’s purchasing power and lead to thriving financial and mercial conditions rather than make a mess of the country’s finances as some people argue. 2 、 轉(zhuǎn)換 (Shift) (find elements in the original to use as the subject) 21 By changing word category 1) 中日兩國發(fā)展和平友好關(guān)系，符合兩國人民的長遠利益。 The development of relation of peace and friendship between China and Japan is in accord with the longterm interests of the two people. 2） 游中國當(dāng)然是必游長城 。 A must for all the tourists to China is to visit the Great Wall. 3）中國的國民意識是把追求家庭幸福提到個人幸福之上，而美國人似乎與此相反。 In the Chinese ideology, the pursuit of family happiness has been elevated to the place before personal happiness, while for the Americans the order seems to be the reverse. 22 By means of inference (decide SV based on thorough interpretation) ? 1） 發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤 ， 要改正錯誤 。 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. 2） 我們的各項工作都取得了一些成就 ， 但不能因此而驕傲自滿 。 We have made some achievements in various fields of our work but we must not get conceited and arrogant. 3） 我們的自然科學(xué)比較落后，要努力向外國學(xué)習(xí)。 In natural science, we are rather backward and we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries. 23 Reversing ? 1） 沿路都是小商店 。 Small shops dot the way. ? 2） 他這樣悍然行事使我們非常氣惱 。 Hot anger burned in our minds against him at his rashness. ? 3)對建筑師來說 ， 將正在營業(yè)的旅店進行翻修實在是難上加難 。 One of the greatest challenges for an architect is a renovation of an operating hotel. 3. Supplement ? 1) 弄得不好 ,就會前功盡棄 。 If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost. ? 2) 沒有調(diào)查研究就沒有發(fā)言權(quán) 。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3) 重點是普及義務(wù)教育，積極發(fā)展職業(yè)教育和成人教育，適度發(fā)展高等教育，優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)。 We should lay emphasis on making pulsory education universal, vigorously developing vocational and adult education, moderately developing higher education and optimizing educational structure. ? Use it ? 1） 有朋自遠方來 ， 不亦樂乎 。 Isn’t it a great pleasure to meet friends from afar? ? 2） 這個都市圈設(shè)想按五個層次展開 。 It is conceived that the city areas will be built into five divisions. ? 3） 希望今后上海能夠與更多的外國城市結(jié)為友好城市 。 It’s hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future. ? Personification ? 1） 世紀之交 ， 中國外交空前活躍 。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ? 2） 世紀交替 ， 千年更迭 ， 人類社會的發(fā)展正在揭開新的篇章 。 The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of the human society. ? There Be ? 1） 自 1983年以來 ， 已經(jīng)建立了一百多個這樣的組織 。 There have been established more than one hundred anizations of such kind since 1983. 2）古今中外，在商貿(mào)市場上歷來都是大魚吃小魚。 There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business. Exercise 熱烈歡迎世界各地客商來此進一步加強合作，建立和發(fā)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系。 一九六四年十月中國爆炸了第一顆原子彈，使世界大為震驚。 一切都考慮進去，她的建議似乎更切實可行。 將撥出?？钪С诌@些屬于五個高科技領(lǐng)域的項目 —— 即新材料機械電子學(xué)，電子信息，生物技術(shù)，新能源和節(jié)能技術(shù)。 普遍的看法是，簡化手續(xù)，提高工效，比給企業(yè)經(jīng)濟方面的優(yōu)惠更為重要。 Customers from various countries and regions are wele to establish and develop business contacts with us. China’s first atomic bla