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實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) (DOE)於製程與品質(zhì)改善之應(yīng)用 HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 2 ? 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?: amp。1 DOE簡(jiǎn)介 ? 對(duì) y影響最大的變數(shù)為何? ? 如何設(shè)定 x1, x2, …, xp使 y值趨近最佳值? ? 如何設(shè)定 x1, x2, …, xp使 y值得變異最小? ? 如何設(shè)定 x1, x2, …, xp使不可控制因素 z1, z2, …, zp之影響最?。? HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 3 一般實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行方式 Bestguess approach ? No Good, Guess Again ? Switching the levels of one (perhaps two) factors for the next test based on the oute of the current test ? Good Enough, Stop! ? Onfactoratatime ? Selecting a baseline starting point ? Varying each factor over its range with the other factors held constant at the baseline level ? Interactions ruin everything HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 4 Onefactor at a time 之方法 HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 5 HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 6 實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃法 (DOE) 在一個(gè)或連串的試驗(yàn)中刻意地改變製程輸入?yún)?shù)值 , 以便觀察並找出影響製程輸出變數(shù)之因素 . 應(yīng)用 : – 改進(jìn)製程產(chǎn)出率 – 降低製程變異 , 改善產(chǎn)品品質(zhì) – 降低研發(fā)時(shí)間 – 降低總體成本 – 評(píng)估各種可行之設(shè)定值 – 評(píng)估各替代原料 – 確定影響產(chǎn)品特性之因素 HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 7 ? Example: Optimizing a Process HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 8 基本原則 複製 (Replication) – 估計(jì)自然誤差 – 中央極限定理 隨機(jī)化 (Randomization) – “Averaging out” the effects from uncontrollable variables 區(qū)隔化 (Blocking) – 增進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)之精確度 HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 9 DOE之程序 問(wèn)題之認(rèn)知與陳述 選擇因子與其水準(zhǔn) 選擇反應(yīng)變數(shù) 選擇適當(dāng)之實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 執(zhí)行實(shí)驗(yàn) 資料分析 結(jié)論與建議 – Followup run and confirmation test – Iterative – No more than 25% of available resources should be invested in the first experiment HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 10 Notes 使用統(tǒng)計(jì)以外之專業(yè)知識(shí) 實(shí)驗(yàn)之設(shè)計(jì)與分析應(yīng)愈簡(jiǎn)單愈好 實(shí)驗(yàn)之統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果與現(xiàn)實(shí)上之差異 – 成本 – 技術(shù) – 時(shí)間 實(shí)驗(yàn)通常是遞迴式的 – 前幾次實(shí)驗(yàn)通常只是學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)而已 HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 11 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)之種類 單因子實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) Variance Model 單因子區(qū)隔設(shè)計(jì) 二因子實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 二水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 二水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 三水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 三水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 反應(yīng)曲面技術(shù) HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 12 因子篩選 (Screening Experiments) – 二水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) – PlackettBurman Design – GroupScreening Designs 特定區(qū)間 – 二水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) – 二水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) – 三水準(zhǔn)階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) – 三水準(zhǔn)部分階層實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) – 混合設(shè)計(jì) 最佳化 (Optimizing) – 反應(yīng)曲面技術(shù) 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)之種類 (Another Prospect) HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 13 amp。2 變異數(shù)分析 (ANOVA) HorngChyi Horng DOE Training 14 決策模式 若 F0 Fa,a1,a(n1) ,則不同之因子水準(zhǔn)