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跟單信用證法律實(shí)務(wù) 廈門(mén)大學(xué)法學(xué)院 肖偉 20xx 年 5 月 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 2 主要內(nèi)容 ? UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? UCP600實(shí)施中的法律實(shí)務(wù) ? 最高法院司法解釋評(píng)析 ? 最高法院司法解釋法律實(shí)務(wù) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 3 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 《 信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 》 修訂進(jìn)程的 “ 十年之癢 ” —— ? 1933年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 82號(hào)出版物 ? 1952年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 151號(hào)出版物 ? 1962年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 222號(hào)出版物 ? 1973年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 290號(hào)出版物 ? 1983年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 400號(hào)出版物 ? 1993年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 500號(hào)出版物(仍在實(shí)施中) ? 20xx年國(guó)際商會(huì)第 600號(hào)出版物(計(jì)劃于 20xx年 7月實(shí)施) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 4 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? UCP600修訂的背景 ? 自 UCP500生效以來(lái),銀行實(shí)務(wù)中圍繞 500產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)議層出不窮 *。為此, ICC于 20xx年初成立 UCP修訂工作小組,提出修訂 UCP500的動(dòng)議。 ? 國(guó)際商會(huì)有關(guān) UCP500的系列出版物 ? Position Paper ,2,3,4 (修改 /議付 /非單據(jù)化條件 /運(yùn)輸單據(jù)) ? Publication ? URR525/ISP98/ISBP/Eucp *國(guó)際商會(huì)銀行技術(shù)委員會(huì)遺憾而且關(guān)切地注意到,在 UCP500實(shí)施以后,一些銀行錯(cuò)誤地解釋和應(yīng)用 UCP500的一些條文。由于未能正確地運(yùn)用這些條文,其結(jié)果嚴(yán)重防礙了按照 UCP500開(kāi)立的跟單信用證的使用。( Charles del Bush— Chairman, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. Adopted from Foreword of Position Paper 1,2,3,4) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 5 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 在 20xx年 4月的 ICC銀行委員會(huì)會(huì)議上,各國(guó)代表對(duì)何時(shí)、如何修訂 UCP500未達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)(我國(guó)贊成立即開(kāi)始修訂),但一致同意先對(duì)產(chǎn)生最多爭(zhēng)議的七個(gè)條款進(jìn)行評(píng)議。因?yàn)?ICC提出的專(zhuān)家意見(jiàn)中超過(guò) 58%集中在 UCP500這七個(gè)條款上。 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 6 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 在 20xx年 10月 ICC銀行委員會(huì)會(huì)議上,銀行委員會(huì)技術(shù)顧問(wèn) GARY COLLYER提供了一份評(píng)議七條條款的報(bào)告: ? 第九條 – 開(kāi)證行與保兌行的責(zé)任(共二十六次) ? 第十三條 – 審核單據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(共四十三次) ? 第十四條 – 不符點(diǎn)單據(jù)與通知(共六十次) ? 第二十一條 – 對(duì)單據(jù)出單人或單據(jù)內(nèi)容未作規(guī)定(共二十九次) ? 第二十三條 – 海運(yùn)提單(共四十七次) ? 第三十七條 – 商業(yè)發(fā)票(共二十六次) ? 第四十八條 – 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證(共三十一次) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 7 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 多份研究報(bào)告顯示,高比例、高頻率發(fā)生的信用證拒付現(xiàn)象日益危機(jī)信用證在國(guó)際結(jié)算中的地位。 ? IN THE EVENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCY, A DISCREPANT FEE OF OR EQUIVALENT WILL BEN DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 8 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? From Introduction of UCP500: 單據(jù)不符是信用證支付方式下一種極為普遍的現(xiàn)象,從 1993年修訂的 《 跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例 》 的前言可以看出: “ 一些調(diào)查表明,大約 5%跟單信用證下的單據(jù)因與信用證不符或表面不符而被拒付,這降低了跟單信用證的效力,對(duì)參與有關(guān)產(chǎn)品交易的各方產(chǎn)生財(cái)務(wù)影響,增加了成本,減少了進(jìn)口商、出口商和銀行的利潤(rùn)。有關(guān)跟單信用證的訴訟案激增也引起了人們極大的關(guān)注。 ” 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 9 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? From Introduction of UCP600: When work on the revision started, a number of global surveys indicated that, because of discrepancies, approximately 70% of documents presented under letters of credit were being rejected on first presentation. This obviously had, and continues to have, a negative effect on the letter of credit being seen as a means of payment and, if unchecked, could have serious implications for maintaining or increasing its market share as a recognized means of settlement in international trade. ? 結(jié)論:信用證正日益成為拒付的工具。 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 10 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? UCP600修訂的過(guò)程 ? 20xx年 5月, ICC正式授權(quán) ICC銀行委員會(huì)啟動(dòng)UCP500修訂工作 ? 修訂工作的三層組織架構(gòu): ? The drafting Group (起草小組) ? The Consulting Group (咨詢(xún)小組) ? ICC national mittees (國(guó)家委員會(huì)) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 11 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? The drafting Group小組成員 ? 共 10位成員,其中 8位來(lái)自歐洲,其余兩位分別來(lái)自美國(guó)和新加坡 ? 小組主席: Gary CollyerABN AMRO Bank ., London, England ? The Consulting Group小組成員 ? 小組由來(lái)自 26個(gè)國(guó)家的 40余位專(zhuān)業(yè)人士組成 ? 小組成員來(lái)自銀行、運(yùn)輸及物流、保險(xiǎn)等不同行業(yè) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 12 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? UCP600修訂的過(guò)程 ? FIRST STEPREVISION PROCESS: ? 全面回顧 UCP500實(shí)施以來(lái) ICC發(fā)布的各類(lèi)出版物、意見(jiàn)書(shū)及決定,吸收其中的合理?xiàng)l款。 ? 關(guān)于正本單據(jù) ? 關(guān)于開(kāi)證申請(qǐng)人與受益人詳細(xì)地址 ? 關(guān)于預(yù)裝船提單裝運(yùn)日期的確認(rèn) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 13 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? SECOND STEPGENERAL OBJECTIVE: ? 全面反映近年來(lái)國(guó)際銀行業(yè)、運(yùn)輸業(yè)和保險(xiǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)的變化,并體現(xiàn)一定的前瞻性; ? 五個(gè)銀行工作日 ? 刪除了運(yùn)輸行單據(jù)條款 ? 明確了保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)可以由代理人( proxies) 出具 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 14 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? 全面檢討 UCP500中的條款結(jié)構(gòu)和文字措辭。 ? 從 A組到 G組分類(lèi)的模塊式組合到流水式條款 ? 通俗易懂、簡(jiǎn)約化的措辭 ? Nominated bank means the bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate or, in the case of a freely available credit, any bank. (UCP Draft June) ? Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. (UCP Final Version) 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 15 UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過(guò)程 ? THIRD STEPCOOPERATION: ? 建立穩(wěn)定的三級(jí)合作機(jī)制 ? This revision of the UCP represents the culmination of over three years of extensive analysis, review, debate and promise amongst the various members of the Drafting Group, the members of the Banking Commission and the respective ICC national mittees. ——From Gary Collyer 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 16 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Advising bank ? Applicant ? Banking day ? Beneficiary ? Complying presentation ? Confirmation ? Confirming bank ? Credit ? Honour ? Issuing bank ? Negotiation ? Nominated bank ? Presentation ? Presenter 第一次系統(tǒng)地對(duì)有關(guān)信用證的 14個(gè)概念進(jìn)行了定義 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 17 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Article 2 Definitions ? For the purpose of these rules: ? Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. ? Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 18 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Banking day means a day on which a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed. ? Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 19 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice. ? Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a plying presentation. 2020/7/5 Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved 20 UCP600與 UCP500的比較分析 ? Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon