【正文】 武漢工程大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計I摘 要糠醛是一種重要的化工原料，可作為石油精煉過程中溶劑，用來生產(chǎn)呋喃及呋喃及呋喃衍生物、合成藥物和其他化學(xué)品，廣泛應(yīng)用于化工、醫(yī)藥和食品工業(yè)。 糠醛的生產(chǎn)方法有兩種：生物質(zhì)水解和催化裂解。相比水解而言，催化裂解具有反應(yīng)時間短、出醛率高等優(yōu)點，受到糠醛工業(yè)界的關(guān)注。依據(jù)秸稈催化裂解制備糠醛技術(shù)，本設(shè)計提出了年產(chǎn) 1 萬噸糠醛的生產(chǎn)工藝。生產(chǎn)過程包括流化床燃燒、篩板式反應(yīng)器裂解、噴霧冷凝、糠醛蒸餾精制等工序，涉及物料衡算、熱量衡算，如流化床、熱解篩板反應(yīng)器、精餾塔等主要設(shè)備的計算與選型，對工藝過程的控制、環(huán)境保護和經(jīng)濟評價提出了相應(yīng)的要求。關(guān)鍵詞：秸稈；催化熱解；糠醛制備；工藝設(shè)計；平衡計算武漢工程大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計IIAbstractFurfural is an important chemical widely used in chemical engineering, pharmaceutical medical, and food industry, such as acting as an extraction solvent in the process of petroleum refining, and as an intermediate chemical for furan and its derivatives production, drug synthesis, and other chemicals and materials preparation.There are two main methods to produce furfural: one is hydrolysis of straws, and the other is catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. Compared to the hydrolysis method, catalysis pyrolysis process has an obvious advantage of short reaction time, high yield of furfural, and attracted more and more attention in furfural industry.Based on the process of catalysis pyrolysis, a design about an annual output of 10,000 tons furfural production is put forward. The process is posed of fluidization bustion, sieveshelf pyrolysis, spraying condensing, and furfural refining. The balance calculation of this design included material balance, heat balance, as well as the calculation and selection of some key equipment such as fluidization bed, pyrolysis reactor of sieveshelf, heater, and distillation tower. The evaluation of process control, environment protection and economics of this design has been discussed.Keywords: Straw。 Catalytic pyrolysis。 Furfural production。 Process design。 Balance calculation武漢工程大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計III目 錄摘 要 ........................................................................................................................IAbstract..........................................................................................................................II第一章 概述 ..................................................................................................................1 糠醛的應(yīng)用和市場前景 ......................................................................................1 糠醛的應(yīng)用 ...................................................................................................1 糠醛的市場 ...................................................................................................1 糠醛及其副產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì) ..........................................................................5 糠醛 ...............................................................................................................5 副產(chǎn)物 ...........................................................................................................5 糠醛的生產(chǎn)工藝 ..................................................................................................7 一步法 ...........................................................................................................7 二步法 ...........................................................................................................8 催化熱解 .......................................................................................................8 水解和熱解工藝比較 ........................................................................................10 催化熱解生產(chǎn)糠醛工藝原理及流程 ................................................................11 反應(yīng)機理 ......................................................................................................11 生產(chǎn)工藝流程圖 .........................................................................................12 生產(chǎn)工藝流程簡述 .....................................................................................12 產(chǎn)品指標(biāo)及執(zhí)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) .............................................................................13 本設(shè)計的提出及意義 ........................................................................................14 設(shè)計的提出 .................................................................................................14 設(shè)計的內(nèi)容 .................................................................................................14 設(shè)計的意義 .................................................................................................14第二章 生產(chǎn)工藝計算 ................................................................................................17 物料衡算 ............................................................................................................17 反應(yīng)器物料衡算 .........................................................................................17 噴淋塔物料衡算 .........................................................................................19武漢工程大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計IV 流化床物料衡算 .........................................................................................20 精餾塔物料衡算 .........................................................................................20 熱量衡算 ............................................................................................................23 熱量衡算綜述 .............................................................................................23 熱解反應(yīng)器的熱量衡算 .............................................................................25 噴淋塔熱量衡算 .........................................................................................28 流化床燃燒器的熱量衡算 .........................................................................30 精餾塔熱量衡算 .........................................................................................33 設(shè)備計算與選型 ................................................................................................35 旋轉(zhuǎn)篩板熱解器 .........................................................................................35 噴淋塔的設(shè)計 .............................................................................................38 換熱器設(shè)備計算 .........................................................................................41 流化床的計算 ...........................................................