【正文】 I 重型貨車(chē)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 汽車(chē)作為陸地上的現(xiàn)代重要交通工具，由許多保證其性能的大部件，即所謂“總成”組成，制動(dòng)系就是其中一個(gè)重要的總成 ，它直接影響汽車(chē)的安全性。隨著高速公路的快速發(fā)展和車(chē)流密度的日益增大，交通事故也不斷增加。據(jù)有關(guān)資料介紹，在由于車(chē)輛本身的問(wèn)題而造成的交通事故中，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)故障引起的事故為總數(shù)的 45%?？梢?jiàn)，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是保證行車(chē)安全的極為重要的一個(gè)系統(tǒng)。此外，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的好壞還直接影響車(chē)輛的平均車(chē)速和車(chē)輛的運(yùn)輸效率，也就是保證運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要因素。 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)既可以使行駛中的汽車(chē)減速，又可保證 停車(chē)后的汽車(chē)能駐留原地不動(dòng)。由此可見(jiàn)，汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)對(duì)于汽車(chē)行駛的安全性，停車(chē)的可靠性和運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益起著重要的保證作用。 當(dāng)今，隨著高速公路網(wǎng)的不斷擴(kuò)展、汽車(chē)車(chē)速的提高以及車(chē)流密度的增大，對(duì)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系的工作可靠性要求顯得日益重要。只有制動(dòng)性能良好和制動(dòng)系工作可靠的汽車(chē)才能充分發(fā)揮出其高速行駛的動(dòng)力性能并保證行駛的安全性。由此可見(jiàn)，制動(dòng)系是汽車(chē)非常重要的組成部分，從而對(duì)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系的機(jī)構(gòu)分析與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算也就顯得非常重要了。 本論文是設(shè)計(jì)東風(fēng)重型貨車(chē)的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，采用的是氣壓驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的凸輪式鼓式制動(dòng)器。為了安全考慮制動(dòng) 系統(tǒng)的氣壓回路采用雙回路。 關(guān)鍵詞：氣壓制動(dòng)；制動(dòng)性；重型貨車(chē)；傳動(dòng)裝置 ； II Abstract As an important modern landbased transport, Automotive ponents from many large parts ,namely, the socalled assembly which ensure the performance of automotive, and braking system which directly affects the safety of motor vehicles is one of the most important assembly. With the rapid development of highways and increased traffic density, traffic accidents are also increasing. According to the information on the vehicle itself as a result of problems caused by traffic accidents, the brake system failure caused the accident accounting for the total number of 45%. So braking system is an extremely important system to ensure traffic safety. In addition, the braking system has a direct impact on the quality of the average vehicle speed and vehicle transportation efficiency, that is, an important factor ensuring costeffective transport. It not only can slow down a moving vehicle, but also to ensure that the car can be fixed in situ after parking. This shows that the vehicle braking system plays an important role in traffic safety, the reliability of parking, and transport economic efficiency. Today, with everexpanding highway work, the improvement of vehicle speed and traffic density, on the work of automotive braking system relia bee increasingly important. Only vehicles which have good braking performance and reliable braking system can give full play to their highspeed dynamic performance and to ensure the safety of traveling. This shows that the braking system is a very important ponent of the vehicle, thus it’s very important to the analysis and design of brake system requirements Keywords: air brake。 Brake。 Heavy trucks。 Transmission device。 3 目 錄 1 緒論 ................................................................................................................... 1 研究制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的意義 ..................................................................................... 1 制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ..................................................................................... 2 對(duì)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的展望 ................................................................................. 3 2 制動(dòng)系的總體設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 5 制動(dòng)系的設(shè)計(jì)要求 ......................................................................................... 5 汽車(chē)參數(shù)的選擇 ............................................................................................. 7 制動(dòng)器方案的選擇 ......................................................................................... 7 制動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)方案選擇 ................................................................................. 9 3 制動(dòng)過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)計(jì)算 .......................................................................... 12 制動(dòng)過(guò)程車(chē)輪所受的制動(dòng)力 ........................................................................ 12 制動(dòng)距離與制動(dòng)減速度計(jì)算 ........................................................................ 19 同步附著 系數(shù)與附著系數(shù)利用率計(jì)算 ......................................................... 20 制動(dòng)器的最大制動(dòng)力矩 ................................................................................ 23 4 制動(dòng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)及主要零部件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 25 制動(dòng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)參 數(shù) ....................................................................................... 25 制動(dòng)鼓內(nèi)徑 D ............................................................................................ 25 摩擦襯片寬度 b包角 ? ............................................................................. 26 摩擦襯片起始角 o? .................................................................................... 27 制動(dòng)器中心到張開(kāi)力 0F 作用線(xiàn)的距離 e .................................................. 27 制動(dòng)蹄 支承點(diǎn)位置坐標(biāo) a 和 c ................................................................. 27 摩擦片摩擦系數(shù) ........................................................................................ 27 鼓式制動(dòng)器主要零部件的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................... 28 制動(dòng)蹄 ........................................................................................................ 28 制動(dòng)鼓 ........................................................................................................ 28 摩擦襯片 .................................................................................................... 29 制動(dòng)底板 .................................................................................................... 30 摩擦材料 .................................................................................................... 30 蹄與鼓之間的間隙調(diào)整裝置 ..................................................................... 30 制動(dòng)器支撐裝置 ........................................................................................ 32 凸輪式張開(kāi)機(jī)構(gòu) ........................................................................................ 32 5 鼓式制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .................................................................................. 33 駐車(chē)制動(dòng)能力的計(jì)算 ................................................................................... 33 中央制動(dòng)器的計(jì)算 ....................................................................................... 34 壓力沿襯片長(zhǎng)度方向的分布規(guī)律 ................................................................ 35 計(jì)算蹄片上的制動(dòng)力矩 .............................................................